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黑苦荞中总黄酮2种提取方法的工艺优化

2021-08-30贺平王午豪尚丽君孙红梅魏亮亮刘冰杰周晓华魏红王铁良郭洁

安徽农业科学 2021年16期

贺平 王午豪 尚丽君 孙红梅 魏亮亮 刘冰杰 周晓华 魏红 王铁良 郭洁

摘要 [目的]提高苦荞黄酮类化合物的综合利用率,优化提取工艺。[方法]以乙醇为提取液,通过超声波和恒温水浴振荡2种方法进行提取,分别通过提取的时间、温度、乙醇浓度、固液比、超声功率进行单因素试验,再在单因素的基础上通过正交试验确定最佳提取条件和方法。[结果]超声法的最佳优化方案:超声功率250 W,固液比1∶50,乙醇浓度70%,超声时间40 min;恒温水浴振荡法最佳方案:恒温45 ℃,水浴振荡时间2.0 h,乙醇浓度80%,固液比1∶30。[结论]经验证,优化方案科学合理,可作为黑苦荞中黄酮类化合物开发和研究的依据。

关键词 黑苦荞;黄酮类化合物;提取工艺

中图分类号 TQ 914.1  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611(2021)16-0178-05

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.16.048   开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):

Process Optimization of Two Extraction Methods of Total Flavonoids from Black Bitter Buckwheat

HE Ping1,2,3,WANG Wu-hao1,3, SHANG Li-jun1 et al (1.Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002;2.Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002;3.Henan Key Laboratory of Grain Quality and Safety and Testing, Zhengzhou,Henan 450002)

Abstract [Objective]To improve the comprehensive utilization rate of total flavonoids from black buckwheat and optimize the extraction process. [Method]Using ethanol as the extract, and total flavonoids were extracted by ultrasonic wave and constant temperature water bath. The single factor experiment is carried out by extraction time, temperature, ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio and ultrasonic power.Based on the orthogonal test, the optimal extraction conditions and methods are determined.[Result]The best optimization scheme for ultrasonic method: ultrasonic power 250 W, solid-liquid ratio 1∶50, ethanol concentration 70%, ultrasonic time 40 min.The best solution for constant temperature water bath oscillation method: constant temperature 45 ℃, water bath oscillation time 2.0 h, ethanol concentration 80%, solid-liquid ratio 1∶30. [Conclusion]The optimized scheme has been verified to be scientific and reasonable, and can be used as the basis for the development and research of flavonoids in black tartary buckwheat.

Key words Black buckwheat;Total flavonoids;Extraction process

苦蕎麦,蓼目蓼科植物,又叫菠荞麦、乌荞麦、花荞麦等,一年生植物。生长在田野边、道路旁、山坡上、河谷中等潮湿的地方,主产川渝地区,在我国山东、河南、陕西等地也有分布。苦荞麦性味稍微带苦、属寒,有益气长力、续精增神、降气宽肠健脾胃的作用。苦荞的不同部位含有不同活性成分,其成分中黄酮类物质含量最高。因此,食用黑苦荞可以补充其他主食谷物中含量较少的营养物质,如面粉、玉米以获得营养的均衡。对于苦荞中生物活性物质的研究,主要集中于苦荞提取产物。苦荞中含量较高的生物活性物质是多酚中的黄酮类物质[1-3]。其中芦丁含量最高,占总黄酮的70%~90%[4]。

目前,提取原料中总黄酮方法有溶剂提取法、超声波提取法、微波萃取提取法、索氏提取法、酶解-溶剂法、超高压提取法等方法。……

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