尹志刚 李刚 李宇峰 杜元中 陈振 朱保磊 蓝黎明 周国勤 石守设

摘要 為豫南稻麦轮作区品种选用和小麦高产栽培的施氮水平提供理论依据，在大田试验条件下，以小麦品种信麦9号（多穗型弱春性品种）和扬麦15（大穗型春性品种）为材料，设置120 kg/hm2（N1）、225 kg/hm2（N2）和330 kg/hm2（N3）3个施氮水平，分析施氮量对2种基因型小麦群体动态、灌浆特性和产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明，施氮量增加，小麦越冬期至成熟期的群体总茎数随之增加，具体表现为N3>N2>N1，但品种间差异明显，信麦9号越冬期后的群体总茎数均显著高于扬麦15，显示了信麦9号良好的分蘖成穗能力。不同施氮处理下，2种基因型小麦灌浆过程中穗粒干质量变化均呈慢—快—慢的变化趋势，随着施氮量增加，成熟期的穗粒质量呈降低趋势，具体表现为N1>N2>N3，其中，扬麦15穗粒质量较信麦9号下降更为明显。各施氮处理中以N3 处理的产量最高，具体表现为N3>N2>N1 ，且N3处理与N2、N1处理差异显著，品种间差异表现为信麦9号各施氮处理穗数均高于扬麦15，但穗粒数和千粒重均显著低于扬麦15。

关键词 稻麦轮作;施氮量;穗粒质量;产量

中图分类号 S 512.1  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）16-0168-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.16.045   开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Grain Filling Characteristics and Yield of Wheat in Rice-wheat Rotation Area Southern Henan

YIN Zhi-gang，LI Gang，LI Yu-feng  et al （Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Xinyang，Henan  464000）

Abstract Effects of nitrogen rate on population dynamics，grain filling characteristics，yield and components of two wheat genotypes were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for variety adoption and high-yield cultivation of wheat in rice-wheat rotation area southern Henan. Wheat varieties Xinmai 9 （multi spike weak spring variety） and Yangmai 15 （large spike spring variety） were selected as the research object in three nitrogen levels of 120 kg/hm2 （N1），225 kg/hm2 （N2） and 330 kg/hm2 （N3）under field condition. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application rate，the total stem number of wheat increased from setting stage to mature stage，which was N3 > N2 > N1. However，there were significant differences among varieties. The total stem number of Xinmai 9 was significantly higher than that of Yangmai 15，indicating that Xinmai 9 had good tillering and panicle forming ability. Different nitrogen application treatments，two wheat genotypes showed slow to fast to solw change during the filling process and the ear and grain quality showed a downward trend，which was N1 > N2 > N3.The panicle and grain quality of wheat variety Yangmai 15 decreased more obviously than that of Xinmai 9 at mature stage. The yield of N3 treatment was the highest，and the difference was significant between N3 treatment and N2，N1 treatment.It displays as N3 > N2 > N1. The spike number of Xinmai 9 was higher than Yangmai 15，but the grain number per spike and 1 000-grain weight were significantly lower than Yangmai 15.

Key words Rice-wheat rotation;Nitrogen rate;Grain mass per spike;Yield

豫南稻麦轮作区是河南稻茬小麦主要分布区域，占全省稻茬麦面积的75%以上[1]。该区相对于河南中北部旱作麦区，小麦籽粒灌浆时间短，其间气候变化较大，易遭受高温逼熟等气象条件，同一品种的千粒质量年际间变化较大，不同品种年际间产量差距较大，适合种植耐湿、抗病及稳产的弱春性品，主导品种有扬麦15、扬麦13、扬麦20、郑麦113等，信阳市农业科学院自育品种有信麦9号、豫信11、信麦69等品种[2-3]。由于该区水稻土对氮素的吸……