李文靖

摘要 为探讨植物生长季节早期高原鼠兔挖掘觅食行为对高寒草甸植被的影响，对高原鼠兔的挖掘觅食行为及挖掘坑的大小及挖掘觅食对植被特征的影响进行了研究。结果表明：植物生长季节早期高原鼠兔会更多地在以前的干扰空地上进行挖掘觅食活动，挖掘取食坑数目显著高于原生草地，挖掘坑和挖掘出的土壤覆盖形成的干扰面积的比例也显著大于原生草地。植物生长季节早期高原鼠兔挖掘觅食是造成干扰空地上植被盖度、物种丰富度、物种多样性指数降低的一个重要原因。

关键词 高原鼠兔;挖掘觅食;盖度;物种丰富度;物种多样性指数

中图分类号 S 812.6  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）16-0118-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.16.031   开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effects of the Digging Behavior of Plateau Pika on Vegetation in Early Period of Plant Growth Season

LI Wen-jing （Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Xining，Qinghai 810008）

Abstract In order to investigate the influences of the digging behavior of  plateau pika on alpine meadow vegetation during the early period of vegetation growing season，the digging  behavior of plateau pika and the size of digging pits，as well as the effects of digging on vegetation characteristics were investigated.The results showed that plateau pika dug more often in the previously disturbed bare grounds in the early stage of vegetation growth season，and the number of digging pits was significantly higher than that in the primary grassland，and the proportion of digging pits and the disturbed bare grounds formed by excavated soil cover was also significantly larger than that in the primary grassland.Digging by plateau pika during the early vegetative growth period was an important cause of the decrease in vegetation cover，species richness，and species diversity index on disturbed bare grounds.

Key words Plateau pika; Digging behavior;Coverage;Species richness;Species diversity index

在高原鼠兔（ Ochotona curzoniae） 对植被影响的研究中，不同洞口密度的高原鼠兔对植被的物种组成、生物多样性指数、盖度、高度、生物量、群落组成物种变化状况以及土壤理化性质等的作用[1-3]是近期关注的重点，这些研究从不同的角度阐述了高原鼠兔对高寒草甸植被的影响，但这些研究均基于原生草地类型进行研究，均没有涉及高原鼠兔活动造成的微生境（也就是干扰空地）对植被的作用。亦有研究对不同年限的高原鼠兔土丘对地上生物量、物种组成等的影响和高原鼠兔洞口空地的群落演替及土壤理化性质等进行研究[4-6]。

高原鼠兔在植物生长季节早期存在挖掘觅食行为[7]，在以前的干扰空地上留下大小不等的……