吴义景 傅延如 张学道 苏世广 许娟 李庆岗

摘要 为研究不同猪场沼液浓度对甜高粱鲜草产量、水分、pH及重金属沉积的影响，试验分6组，分别用含沼液0（全水）、20%、40%、60%、80%、100%的溶液对甜高粱进行浇灌，每4 d浇灌1次，连续浇灌12次后，当株高3.5 m左右时进行甜高粱收割测产，并分析甜高粱全株鲜草的水分含量、pH、重金属含量。结果表明，自播种至收割生长期75 d，浇灌量为5 994 t/hm2;甜高粱鲜草产量最高的是100%沼液组，为106.54 t/hm2，极显著高于其他组（ P <0.01），且产量随着沼液浓度的增加而增加;各组间鲜草水分含量和pH差异均不显著（ P >0.05）;沼液浇灌增加了甜高粱鲜草中汞的含量，但未增加铅、铬、镉和砷的含量，5种重金属（铅、汞、铬、镉、砷）在鲜草中的沉积量均低于国家标准限量值。因此，猪场沼液可作为甜高粱牧草的液体肥料进行浇灌，试验用沼液的浇灌量应控制在6 000 t/hm2左右，甜高粱生长至株高3.5 m时的产量为102.0～106.5 t/hm2，其重金属沉积均低于国标限量值，可作为畜禽饲养的青绿饲料，为甜高粱吸纳沼液能力及鲜草用于青绿饲料的重金属安全性研究提供基础数据。

关键词 猪;沼液;甜高粱;牧草;重金屬

中图分类号 X 713  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）16-0115-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.16.030   开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effects of Different Concentrations of Swine Biogas Slurry on the Yield and Heavy Metal Deposition of Sweet Sorghum

WU Yi-jing1， FU Yan-ru2， ZHANG Xue-dao3 et al  （1.Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine， Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering， Hefei， Anhui 230031;2.Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau in Dingyuan County， Chuzhou City of Anhui Province， Chuzhou， Anhui 233200;3.Ankang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co.， Ltd.in Dingyuan County， Chuzhou，Anhui 233200）

Abstract In order to study the effects of different concentrations of biogas slurry in pig farms on the yield， moisture content， pH and heavy metal deposition of sweet sorghum， 6 groups were designed， sweet sorghum was irrigated with the solution containing with 0（full water）， 20%， 40%， 60%， 80%， 100% biogas slurry respectively.Sweet sorghum was irrigated once every 4 days.After 12 consecutive irrigation， sweet sorghum was harvested when the plant height was about 3.5 m.The yield of sweet sorghum was measured， and the moisture content， pH， and heavy metal content of the fresh grass were measured.The results showed that during the 75 days from planting to harvesting， the irrigation amount was 5 994 t/hm2， The average yield of sweet sorghum fresh grass in 100% biogas slurry group was the highest（106.54 t/hm2）， which was extremely significantly higher than other groups （ P <0.01）， and the yield of sweet sorghum increased with the increase of biogas slurry concentration.The moisture content and pH of fresh grass in each group had no significant difference  （P >0.05）.The biogas slurry irrigation increased the content of mercury in the fresh grass of sweet sorghum， but it did not increase the content of lead， chromium， cadmium and arsenic， and the amount of 5 kinds of heavy metals （lead， mercury， chromium， cadmium， arsenic） deposited in the fresh grass was lower than the national standard limit values.Therefore， biogas slurry of pig farm could be used as liquid fertilizer for sweet sorghum forage. The amount of biogas slurry used in this experiment should be controlled at about 6 000 t/hm2， and the yield of sweet sorghum was 102.0-106.5 t/hm2 when the plant height reached 3.5 m， the deposited amount of heavy metals were lower than the national standard limit values.Sweet sorghum could be used as green forage for livestock and poultry feeding， and the research results could provide basic data for studying the ability of sweet sorghum to absorb biogas slurry  and the safety of heavy metals used by fresh grass in green feed.

Key words Pig;Biogas slurry;Sweet sorghum;Forage;Heavy metals

沼液是禽畜粪尿经厌氧发酵后所产生的液体，直接的排放会给生态环境造成极大危害，而沼液无害化处理和利用已经成为制约我国养殖场可持续发展的一个重要因素。从养殖场循环经济角度考虑，将沼液作为液体有机肥料还田是最直接和有效方式[1]。然而，不同养殖场的沼液性质不同，作为农作物或牧草的液体肥料需要考虑其安全性，尤其是重金属的沉积问题。……