毋茜 傅国华

摘要 为了评估生态旅游对保护区的贡献，特别是对当地居民的影响，对海南热带雨林国家公园尖峰岭自然保护地生态旅游进行深入调研。结果发现，积极的政策为当地生态旅游发展提供财政保障，生态旅游促进了当地经济发展，增加了当地居民的收入，并一定程度提高了他们对环境保护的意识，但存在一定的经济利益分配不均现象，此外当地人参与相关决策和培训机会较少。因此，为实现海南热带雨林国家公园尖峰岭自然保护地生态旅游的可持续发展，必须真正授权当地人参与生态旅游决策，以实际需求为导向提供更多职业技能培训，促进以社区为基础的生态旅游实现可持续发展。

关键词 生态旅游;海南热带雨林国家公园;尖峰岭自然保护地;尖峰镇;当地居民;影响

中图分类号 F 592  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）16-0097-06

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.16.026   开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effect of Ecotourism on Local Residents—Taking the Jianfengling Nature Reserve of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park as an Example

WU Xi1，FU Guo-hua2

（1.International College，Hainan Tropical Ocean University， Sanya，Hainan 572022;2.School of Management，Hainan University， Haikou，Hainan 570228）

Abstract In order to evaluate the contribution of ecotourism to the reserve， especially the effect on local residents， an in-depth investigation on ecotourism in the Jianfengling Nature Reserve of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park was conducted.The result showed that active policies had provided financial guarantees for local ecotourism development，ecotourism had promoted local economic development， generated additional income of local residents， and raised their awareness of environmental protection to a certain extent. However， there was a certain degree of uneven distribution of economic benefits， and there were few opportunities for local people to participate in planning decision-making and training. Therefore， it was necessary to truly empower local people participate in ecotourism decision-making， provide more vocational skills training based on actual needs， and promote community-based ecotourism to achieve sustainable development of ecotourism.

Key words Ecotourism;Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park;Jianfengling Nature Reserve;Jiangfengling Town;Local people;Effect

隨着可持续发展重要性和必要性不断深入人心，生态旅游作为其实现的工具之一，已经在全世界范围内引起广泛的关注。然而，生态旅游的内涵至今并没有统一的定义，体现了一个不断演化的过程。在不同时期，学者根据对生态旅游目的、概念及评估标准的理解，侧重不同的内容进行阐述。

近年来，越来越多的学者意识到社区的进步和发展很大程度决定生态旅游的成功[1-4]。社区的进步、当地居民生活水平的提高对于实现可持续生态旅游发展具有非常重要的作用。社区发展不仅是可持续生态旅游发展的目标之一，同时也成为助力生态旅游发展的重要举措。……