邹嘉琪 何秉宇 陈静 王妍 杨晓东

摘要 從微观环境和宏观环境2个方面选取环境因子，通过观测2019年观测样本开花物候的3个特征（始花期、败花期和开花持续时间），分析开花物候与微观环境、宏观环境之间的关系。结果表明，24种木本植物的始花期为（94.00±17.88）d，败花期为（108.00±21.65）d，开花持续时间为（13.97±6.17）d;开花持续时间的方差较小。木本植物植株个体的环境位置和微观环境差异影响到个体的规格大小，道路两旁由于冬雪堆积融化的原因，获得更好的微观环境条件，植株规格更大，表现出更早开花、更早败花、更短开花持续时间等特征;不同物种木本植物微观环境对开花物候的影响程度不同，对红山桃、美国皂荚、香花槐、夏橡和黄金树这5个物种存在显著影响，但对小乔木和灌木开花物候没有显著作用。宏观环境因子的影响显著高于微观环境因子。相对于微观环境条件，宏观环境因子对开花物候方差变化的贡献明显较高;微观环境因子对开花物候呈负向作用，宏观环境因子起正向作用，且其中日照时数是开花物候变化的最主要贡献者。

关键词 木本植物;开花物候;特征;宏观环境因子;微观环境因子

中图分类号 X 173  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）16-0075-07

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.16.021   开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Study on the Flowering Phenology of Woody Plants and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Yining City

ZOU Jia-qi1，HE Bing-yu1，CHEN Jing2 et al （1.College of Resources and Environmental Science，Xinjiang University，Urumqi，Xinjiang 830046;2.College of Biological and Geographical Sciences，Yili Normal University，Yining，Xinjiang 835100）

Abstract This study selected environmental factors from the two aspects of micro-environment and macro-environment.By observing the three characteristics of flowering phenology （initial flowering period，abortion period and flowering duration） of the observed samples in 2019，the relationship between flowering phenology and micro-environment and macro-environment was analyzed.The results showed that the initial flowering period of 24 species of woody plants was 94.00 ± 17.88 d，the abortive period was 108.00 ± 21.65 d，and the flowering duration was 13.97±6.17 d.The variance of flowering duration was small.The individual environmental location and micro-environmental differences of woody plant plants affected the size of the individual.Due to the melting of winter snow on both sides of the road，better micro-environmental conditions were obtained，and the plant size was larger，showing earlier flowering，early abortion，with shorter flowering duration and other characteristics.The micro-environment of different species of woody plants had different effects on flowering phenology.It had significant effects on the five species of red mountain peach，honey locust，acacia，summer oak and golden tree，but had no significant effect on the flowering phenology of small trees and shrubs.The impact of macro-environmental factors was significantly higher than that of micro-environmental factors.Compared with micro-environmental conditions，the contribution of macro-environmental factors to the variance of flowering phenology was significantly higher.The micro-environmental factors had a negative effect on flowering phenology，and macro-environmental factors had a positive effect，and the sunshine hours was the most important factor in flowering phenology.

Key words Woody plants;Flowering phenology;Characteristics;Macro-environmental factors;Micro-environmental factors

开花物候作为植物重要的生活史特征，它作用于传粉、种子扩散和生物授粉媒介而影响植物个体合适度[1-3]。开花物候涉及植物周期性开花现象的发生时间、持续时间和败花期等指标[2，4-5]。目前，生态学家认为开花物候是由非生物因素中的环境因素决定的，主要为宏观环境中的气象因子等，包括温度、湿度、日照时数等[2，6-9]。……