分子标记辅助选择在玉米抗病和抗虫育种上的应用
2021-08-30金锐张从合朱全贵苏法
金锐 张从合 朱全贵 苏法
摘要 在我国,玉米的种植面积和产量均超过水稻和小麦,成为第一大粮食作物。同时,玉米也是食品、饲料、化工原料等重要原材料。因此,利用分子标记辅助选择技术(molecular marker-assisted selection,MAS)与常规育种相结合来获得高产、优质、抗逆性强的玉米品种具有重要的意义。概述了常用的分子标记技术以及MAS在玉米抗病和抗虫育种中的应用,同时分析了MAS的局限性,也展望了未来MAS的发展前景和优势,为我国种业企业服务或育种工作提供参考。
关键词 玉米;分子标记辅助选择育种;抗病;抗虫
中图分类号 S 435.13 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2021)16-0010-06
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.16.004 开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
Application of Molecular Marker Assisted Selection in Maize Disease Resistance and Insect Resistance Breeding
JIN Rui, ZHANG Cong-he, ZHU Quan-gui et al
(Winall Hi-tech Seed Co.,Ltd.,Key Laboratory of New Maize Variety Creation,Ministry of Agriculture,Hefei,Anhui 230088)
Abstract The planting area and output of corn both surpass that of rice and wheat and become the largest food crop. At the same time, corn is also an important raw material for food, feed and chemical raw materials. Therefore, it is of great significance to use molecular marker-assisted selection technology (MAS) in combination with conventional breeding to obtain high-yield, high-quality, and highly resistant corn varieties. This article outlined the commonly used molecular marker technology and the application of MAS in corn disease resistance and insect resistance breeding. At the same time, it clarified the limitations of MAS and looked forward to the future development prospects and advantages of MAS.
Key words Corn;Molecular marker-assisted selection breeding;Disease resistance;Insect resistance
在我國,玉米是种植面积和总产量最高的粮饲兼用型作物,并在工业、食品、医药等行业具有广泛的应用。近年来,由全球气候变化导致环境恶劣,世界范围内的玉米主产区病虫害多发,再加上耕地面积有限,致使玉米产量受损,因而迫切需要抗逆性强、高产、优质的玉米新种质。当前我国玉米育种仍以常规育种为主,而常规育种存在育种周期长、可供选择的优良种质稀少、选择效率低等问题,无法满足育种要求。分子标记辅助选择(molecular marker-assisted selection,MAS)将分子标记技术与传统育种相结合,与常规育种相比具有高效、可靠、安全等优点,可以在作物全生育期进行选择,极大地缩短了育种年限。随着国内外分子标记技术的发展与应用,分子标记辅助选择在较难进行表型鉴定的品种选育中和多个优良性状的聚合中发挥着越来越重要的作用。……
