电子档案凭证价值保障需求研究
2021-08-30许晓彤
许晓彤
摘 要:新《中华人民共和国档案法》对电子档案以电子形式作为凭证使用作出了“来源可靠、程序规范、要素合规”的规定。文章以14部对电子证据审查、判断、辨认、鉴真规定较为全面、详尽的法律文件为分析样本,从电子证据应用的视角阐释了“来源可靠、程序规范、要素合规”的具体内涵,解读司法对电子档案凭证价值保障的需求,为单套制背景下电子档案法律效力与证据价值的实现提供有益参考。
关键词:电子档案;凭证价值;电子证据;档案法
分类号:G271
Research on the Demand for Guaranteeing the Evidential Value of Archival Electronic Records
——Based on the Perspective of Judicial Electronic Evidence Examination
Xu Xiaotong1,2
(1.School of History and Culture of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100; 2.Electronic Records Management Research Center of Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872)
Abstract: The new Archives Law of the Peoples Republic of China stipulates the use of archival electronic records as evidence, which are source reliability, procedures normalization and element compliance. From the perspective of the electronic evidence application, the specific connotation of source reliability, procedures normalization and element compliance are interpreted by 14 legal instruments as the analysis samples, which stipulate the examination of electronic evidence in detail. Then, to provide reference for the realization of the legal effect and evidence value of electronic records under the background of single-set system, the judicial demands for guaranteeing the evidence value of archival electronic records are analyzed.
Keywords: Archival Electronic Records; Evidence Value; Electronic Evidence; Archives Law
1 研究背景
2021年起,新《档案法》正式实施。新《档案法》增加了“档案信息化建设”专章,规定“电子档案与传统载体档案具有同等效力,可以以电子形式作为凭证使用”,为电子档案单套制管理提供了法律依据,其前置条件“电子档案应当来源可靠、程序规范、要素合规”的内涵也引发了档案界的广泛关注,刘越男[1]、郑金月[2]、胡文苑[3]、仇伟海[4]、韩李敏[5]等分别从档案管理视角对上述规定的具体要求进行解读;薛四新[6]则基于以上三个方面设计了电子档案三维质量模型并论述了各项质量要素的内容;蔡学美结合法律对电子数据用作证据的要求与电子公文要素的相关规定,阐释了“要素合规”的具体意涵[7];等等。一直以来,作为“呈堂证供”是档案凭证价值的极致体现之一,档案材料在诉讼中亦具有法定证明力优势。电子文件与电子证据同作为二进制代码构成的数字信息,是技术进步与实务发展需要的产物。……
