王旦 陈蔚芳

摘  要：生产实习是传统工科专业本科教学的必备环节，是实践教学的重要组成部分，其有利于加深学生对前期所学理论课程的认识与理解，同时也可以为后期毕业设计提供实践支撑。目前，传统的参观式生产实习已变得流于形式、走马观花，其弊端也日益显现。生产实习教学模式改革已迫在眉睫。作为典型的生产实习新模式，近两年来，项目式生产实习已在部分高校的教学实践中得到了小规模尝试，其在实践中呈现的独特优势和存在的不足需要总结。作者将结合自身的教学实践经历，阐述自己关于项目式生产实习的几点思考。

关键词：生产实习教学模式改革;项目式生产实习;实践教学

中图分类号：G642       文献标志码：A          文章编号：2096-000X（2021）19-0044-04

Abstract： Production practice is an indispensable part of undergraduate education in traditional engineering majors， and it is also an important part of practice teaching. It helps deepen students' knowledge and understanding of the theoretical courses learned in the early stage， and can also provide practical support for the later graduation design. At present， the traditional visiting-based production practice has become merely a formalism， and its drawbacks are also becoming increasingly apparent. The reformation of the production practice teaching mode is imminent. As a typical new mode of production practice， project-based production practice has been tried on a small scale in the teaching practice of some colleges and universities in the past two years. Its advantages and disadvantages in practice need to be summarized. The authors combine their own teaching and practice experience to elaborate some thoughts on project-based production practice.

Keywords： teaching mode reformation of production practice; project-based production practice; practice teaching

一、传统参观式生产实习存在的问题

生产实习作为工科专业实践教学的重要组成部分，有助于加深学生对所学理论课程的认识与理解，是工科专业本科教学的必备环节之一[1-2]。通过开展为期2～4周的生产实习，学生可以深入生产一线，了解与本专业相关生产环节的实际情况，了解相关行业的发展现状和实际技术需求，增加对自身专业的感性认识，并增强专业认同感。生产实习一般需要学生前往专门的生产实习基地，会产生额外的交通费和住宿费，课程的生均投入历来是所有课程中最高的，但各高校并未因此停止相关教学环节，这也从侧面验证了生产实习的重要性。

工科专业整体课程课业负担较重，无法和经管类学科一样，预留出大段时间供学生进行自主生产实习，因此只能利用寒暑假让学生进行相对简单的、集中的参观式生产实习。……