淮南厉王刘长“谋反”辨析
2021-08-23邹旻
摘 要:研究者多认为淮南厉王刘长图谋造反,并影响到淮南王刘安的一生。事实上,《史记》并未记载刘长谋反,错将刘长与谋反联系在一起的是《汉书》。从《史记》记载的各种细节,如丞相张仓等诸大臣就刘长罪状的奏议、刘长在接受汉朝召唤及发配路上的反应、袁盎的谏词、对刘长使用槛车且不打开槛封的行为、汉文帝在刘长一案前后的态度等来判断,刘长的确没有谋反,他的死是汉文帝蓄意造成的。“大夫但”是这次谋反的直接主谋,其背后主使则是郎中令张武、济北王刘兴居残部和棘蒲侯柴武。
关键词:刘长;谋反;汉文帝;史记;汉书
中图分类号:K234.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:
1672-1101(2021)03-0025-08
收稿日期:2020-08-13
基金项目:2019年度安徽高校人文社会科学研究重点项目:《淮南子》重文复义与写作模式研究(SK2019A0091)
作者简介:邹旻(1976-),男,安徽淮南人,讲师,博士,研究方向:先秦汉魏六朝文学。
① 关于刘安谋反的辨析,参见邹旻、方胜《淮南王刘安谋反与否的重要文献新解——〈谏伐闽越书〉意图辨析》(《南昌航空大学学报》2018年第1期39-43页)与邹旻《刘安谋反案“疑点”辨析及判断——兼与马庆洲先生商榷》(《安徽理工大学学报》2020年第3期51-58页)。
Analysis of the Treason by King Li Liu Chang
ZOU Min
(School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China)
Abstract: Most researchers believe that King Li Liu Chang plotted a treason and influenced the life of Liu An, the king of Huainan. In fact, Historical Records did not record the treason by Liu Chang. It was The History of the Han Dynasty that wrongly connected Liu Chang with the treason. Judging from the various details recorded in the "Historical Records", Liu Chang did not betray his country. His death was deliberately caused by Emperor Wen of Han. Minister "Dan" was the direct mastermind of this treason, and the chief envoys behind it were Chamberlain for attendants Zhang Wu, the remnants of Emperor Jibei Liu Xingju, and Jipuhou Chaiwu.
Key words:Liu Chang; treason; Emperor Wen of Han; Historical Records; The History of the Han Dynasty
《史記·淮南衡山列传》记载刘安“时时怨望厉王死,时欲畔逆”[1]3082,吕思勉《读史札记》指出:“汉人之重复仇,观淮南王事可以知之。……《史记》云安时时怨望厉王死,欲畔逆;《汉书》云江淮间多轻薄,以厉王迁死感激安。此盖安谋反之由,他皆不足信也。”[2]520刘安谋反,与他的父亲淮南厉王刘长之死有着密切的关系①。研究者多认为刘长也图谋造反,并因此招致杀身之祸。
