海洋环境大数据系统建设研究进展
2021-08-20张彭辉杜建平吴帅程文华侯建孔祥峰张丽
张彭辉 杜建平 吴帅 程文华 侯建 孔祥峰 张丽

摘要:海洋环境大数据是诸多学科研究领域的基础,也是实施海洋强国战略和建设海洋强国奋斗目标的先决条件。文章从全球海洋环境观测计划及系统出发,探讨现阶段全球海洋环境大数据观测、国家数据库建设、数据质控方法以及数据应用现状,阐明了海洋环境大数据在国家发展中的重要性,客观地分析了目前海洋环境大数据发展在基础设施、数据处理及数据质控能力建设等方面面临的关键问题与挑战,以期为将来海洋环境大数据在多尺度、多学科、多行业的深入发展与深度融合提供可靠的资料与建议。
关键词:海洋环境监测;大数据;数据质控;数据应用
中图分类号:P76;TP31文献标志码:A文章编号:1005-9857(2021)11-0104-09
Research Progress on the Construction of Marine Environment Big Data System
ZHANG Penghuil, DU Jianpingl, WU Shuai?, CHENG Wenhual, HOU Jianl, KONG Xiangfeng?,ZHANG Li?
(1. State key laboratory for marine corrosion and protetion, Luoyang ship material research institute, Qingdao 266101,China;2.Southwest Technology and Enginering Research Institute, Chongging 400039, China; 3. Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation,Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266061, China)
Abstract:Big data on the marine environment isthe foundation of many disciplines and research fields, and it is also a prerequisite for implementing the strategy of a maritime power and the goal of building a maritime power. Starting from theglobal marine environment observation plan and system, this paper discussed the current global marine environment big data observation, national database construction,data quality control methods and data application status, clarified the importance of marine environment big data in national development, and objectively analyzed the key issues and challenges on capacity building of infrastructure, data processing and quality control faced by the current development of marine environmental big data, to provide reliable in-formation and suggestions for the in-depth development and in-depth integration of marine envi-ronmental big data in multi-scale,multi-disciplinary,and multi-industry in the future. Keywords:Marine environment monitoring,Big data,Data quality control,Data application
0引言
“大數据”这一概念起源于20世纪80年代,最早被提出用来描述容量非常大的数据集,美国科学家JohnR.Mashey在“BigDataandtheNextWaveofIn-fraStres”的演讲中即提到这一概念[1]。随着摩尔定律的应用与技术的发展,大数据不仅是指简单的数据集,而是通过一系列特征准确定位的专业术语,即“4V”特征:大数量(Volume)、多样性(Variety)、高速度(Velocity)和高价值(Value)[2]。海洋环境观测在海洋探测中起着至关重要的作用。随着信息技术的指数增长及海洋观测手段的日益发展,海洋科学已正式进入大数据时代。海洋观测数据的获取通常建立在多时空尺度、多平台的采集与分析上,具有数据量大、维度广、类型多样、测量持续、利用潜力大的特点,是一种典型的大数据,即海洋环境大数据。……
