茹志明 刘海飞 丁禹

摘要：海洋水库是指通过建设堤坝隔离海水，在海水中割出一部分区域存储淡水的蓄水建筑物。现代海洋水库在中国已有半个多世纪的建设历程，上海、香港等我国沿海缺水城市和地区先后建设了一批具有代表性的海洋水库，为城市建设发展提供支持。舟山群岛位于我国东海洋面，天然良港众多，渔业资源富饶，战略地位突出。舟山市当前本地淡水短缺问题严峻，这不仅制约了当地社会经济的发展，并由此造成环境生态系统进一步恶化的趋势。文章首先从舟山市可用水资源总量出发，结合近几年舟山市用水情况，预测舟山市未来缺水总量;然后结合现代海洋水库设计理念，初步分析海洋水库的库容及舟山岛附近的可选坝址，探讨在舟山市建设海洋水库的可行性。关键词：水资源;舟山群岛;海洋水库;水库库容;水库选址

中图分类号：TV213;P75文献标志码：A文章编号：1005-9857（2021）11-0067-06

Preliminary Feasibility Study of Marine Reservoir Construction in Zhoushan City，China RU Zhiming，LIU Haifei，DING Yu

（School of Environment，Beijing Normal University，Beijing 100875，China）

Abstract：Marine reservoir refers to a water storage structure that stores fresh water by construc-ting dams to divide a part of the ocean area. Modern marine reservoirs have been constructed in China for more than half a century. Coastal wateer-scarce cities such as Shanghai and Hong Kong have successively built several representative marine reservoirs to support urban construction and development. Zhoushan， which is located in the lEast Sea of China and has many natural harbors and rich fishery resources，takes a prominent strategic position. The current severe shortage of fresh water in Zhoushan not only restricts thesocio-economic development， but also causes the deterioration trend of the environment and ecosystem. This paper estimated the total amount of water shortage in the future based on its available water resources and water use in recent years. Then， combined with the modern marine reservcir design concept， the storage capacity of the to-tal marine reservoir and potential reservoir sitesnear Zhoushan Island were preliminary analyzed， to explore the feasibility of marine reservoir construction in Zhoushan City.

0引言

水在生產、生活和生态中扮演着重要的角色，是城市建设发展过程中不可或缺的资源。城市利用的淡水资源大多来自河湖存储的地表水和土壤中的地下水，其中地表水是当前的主要供水水源。无论是居民用水、农业用水还是工业用水，对供水的水量、水质均有一定限制，这对水利工程的建设提出一定要求。2013年水利部发布的《第一次全国水利普查公报》显示，我国共有98002座水库，总库容8104.10亿m3，它们在保障我国城市供水稳定上发挥着重要作用[1]。

传统的河道型水库通过在河流的狭窄处修建大坝拦截流动的河水，抬高上游水位的方式储蓄淡水。……