欧盟北极政策的发展演变与前景展望
2021-08-20李学峰岳奇
李学峰 岳奇

摘要:北极的安全与稳定具有重要的全球意义。欧盟作为北极域外行为体,为保障其在北极地区的地缘政治、航道贸易、能源安全与生态环境的潜在利益,出台了一系列北极政策文件。在2008年《欧盟与北极地区》、2012年《欧盟的北极政策:2008年至今的进展及未来的行动》与2016年《欧盟北极政策建议》的基础上,提出了欧盟北极政策三大优先发展领域:气候变化与环境保护、可持续发展、国际合作。为适应北极国际博弈与地缘政治形势变化,欧盟新北极政策将会把关注重点放在“绿色”“平衡”与“合作”,旨在促进北极地区可持续的绿色发展,平衡欧盟内部与外部的利益纷争,通过开展国际合作维护北极的和平与稳定。欧盟北极政策的发展演变与未来趋势研判也可为同为北极域外国家的中国深度参与北极治理提供有益借鉴。
关键词:欧盟;北极政策;环境保护;可持续发展;中欧合作
中图分类号:F112.2;P74文献标志码:A文章编号:1005-9857(2021)11-0034-08
The Development Evolution and Future Prospect of EU Arctic Policy LI Xuefeng,YUE Qi
(National Ocean Technology Center,Tianjin 300112,China)
Abstract:The security and stability of the Arcti is of great global significance. As a non-Arctic actor, the EU has issued a series of Arctic policy documents to safeguard its potential interests in geopolitics,shipping route trade,energy security and ecological environment in the Arctic region. From "the European Union and the Arctic Region(2008)","Developing a European Union Policy towards the Arctic Region: Progress since 2008 and Next Steps(2012)", to"An Integrated European Union Policy for the Arctic ((2016)”,EU has determined three priority areas of its Arctic policy: climate change and safeguarding the Arctic environment, sustainable devel-opment in and around the Arctic, and international cooperation on Arctic issues. In order to adapt to the latest changes in the Arctic, the EU will introduce its new Arctic policy focusing on “Green”,“Balance”and“Cooperation”, aiming to promote sustainable green development in the Arctic region, balance the conflicts of interestswithin and outside the EU, and maintain peace and stability in the Arctic region through international cooperation. The research on the develop-ment evolution and future trends of the EU's Arctic policy can also provide useful reference for China to participate in Arctic governance.
Keywords:EU,Arctic policy,Environmental protection, Sustainable development, China-EU co-operation
0引言
随着全球气候变化对北极的显著影响,北极地区的地缘政治、军事安全、经济贸易、航道通行、资源开发、科学考察与环境保护价值不断提升,受到国际社会如环北極国家、近北极国家、北极利益攸关国的普遍关注与高度重视[1]。欧盟作为身份特殊的北极域外行为体,与北极在地理、经济、环境保护等诸多方面有着千丝万缕的紧密联系[2]。从地理位置角度来看,欧盟拥有北极领土,其多个成员国已深度参与北极事务。环北极8国中,丹麦、瑞典与芬兰具有欧盟成员国与北极理事会正式成员双重身份,挪威和冰岛为欧洲经济区成员国,格陵兰是欧盟的海外领地,欧盟成员国中德国、法国、意大利、西班牙、荷兰和波兰是北极理事会观察员国。……
