张守都 李友训 姜勇 田敬云 刘学庆 赵喜喜 马健 苏文 胡建廷

摘要：海水养殖业是我国最重要的海洋支柱产业之一，在国民蛋白质供给、粮食安全保障和带动沿海经济社会发展等方面具有重要地位。发展现代海水养殖业是构建现代海洋产业技术体系，落实海洋强国战略的重要举措和有效途径。文章通过梳理世界海水养殖业发展轨迹，分析国外发达国家海水养殖业的产业发展现状和经验，厘清制约我国海水养殖业健康可持续发展的关键问题，提出了在当前建设海洋强国背景下推动我国海水养殖产业快速转型升级的路径对策建议，即加强产业顶层规划设计、构建完善法律法规体系、培育现代海洋种业、持续推动养殖模式升级和实施品牌化战略，提升产品附加值等。

关键词：海洋强国;海水养殖;转型升级;可持续发展;路径分析

中图分类号：P74;F326.4文献标志码：A文章编号：1005-9857（2021）11-0018-09

Pathway Analysis for Developing Modern Mariculture Under the Background of Oceanic Great Power Strategy

ZHANG Shoudu ，LI Youxun，JIANG Yong，TIAN Jingyun，LIU Xueqing， ZHAO Xixi，MA Jian，SU Wen，HU Jianting

（Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province（National Oceanographic Center， Qingdao）， Qingdao 266072，China）

Abstract：Mariculture，which is one of the most important marine pillar industries of China， plays an important role in national protein supply， food security and promoting economic and social de-velopment of coastal areas. Also， developing modern mariculture is an important measure and ef-fective way to build modern marine industry technology system and even implement the strategy of Oceanic Great Power. In this paper， the trajectory of the world's mariculture industry was clar-ified， the current situation and experience of themariculture industry of developed countries was analyzed， and the key problems which restricted the healthy and sustainable development of China's future mariculture industry were listed.At last， the pathway to promote the structural transformation and updating of China's mariculttare was analyzed， the countermeasures and sug-gestions under the background of Oceanic Great Power strategy were proposed， including strengthening the top-level planning and design of the industry， building and improving the sys-tem of laws and regulations， cultivating the modern marine seed industry， continuously promo-ting the upgrading of mariculture model， implementing the brand strategy， and improving the added value of products.

Keywords：Oceanic Great Power，Mariculture，Structural transformation and upgrade， Sustainable development，Pathway analysis

0引言

人類在3000多年前就已经有海水养殖的记载，海水养殖和海洋捕捞共同构成了当今海洋渔业的主要内容。近现代以来，随着繁育、养殖理论和技术的进步，海水养殖种类、面积和单产量都不断提高，海水养殖总产量也稳步提升，向人类社会提供了举足轻重的优质蛋白质，为世界经济社会健康发展做出了突出贡献[1]。从20世纪90年代以来，作为重要水产品来源之一的海水捕捞业产量出现波动并长期增长乏力，海水养殖业被视为“能为全球食品安全和经济增长产生持续利益”的重要突破方向[2]，是未来确保人类蛋白质供应和拓展食物来源的不可替代的途径。……