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老龄化与少子化对农村居民消费的影响

2021-08-16陈志涛史清华

上海管理科学 2021年3期

陈志涛 史清华

摘 要: 老龄化与少子化已经是中国明显的趋势,在促进经济内循环的今天,有必要深入研究“两化”对居民消费的影响。基于山西农村固定观察点2008—2017年的微观农户家庭数据,对家庭成员进行细致的定义,并构建家庭人均消费关于年龄结构的函数,估算了家庭成员的广义边际消费倾向。研究发现:家庭中受抚养者的消费能力较高,在这个群体中又以14岁以上学生的消费能力最高;受赡养者的消费能力最低。由此可见,少子化和老龄化将给农村消费带来较大冲击。因此,中国需要做好应对逐渐到来的消费低迷的准备。

关键词: 年龄结构;消费;农村固定观察点;边际消费倾向

中图分类号: F 063.2

文献标志码: A

The Influence of Aging and Declining Birthrate on Rural Residents′ Consumption: Take Shanxi as an Example

CHEN Zhitao SHI Qinghua

(Antai College of Economics & Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China)

Abstract: The aging and declining birthrate are already obvious trends in China. Today,as the internal economic cycle is promoted, it is necessary to thoroughly study their impact on household consumption. This paper uses the Microeconomic data from 2008 to 2017 in Shanxi rural fixed observation points to define and distinguish different family members ,and constructs a function of family per capita consumption on the age structure, and estimates the generalized marginal consumption of family members. The results show that young dependents have higher spending power,and in this group,the spending power of students aged 14 and above is the highest; old dependents have the lowest spending power. It can be seen that declining birthrate and aging will bring greater impact on rural consumption. Therefore,China needs to be prepared to cope with the slumping consumption.

Key words: age structure; consumption; rural fixed observation point; marginal propensity to consume

中國少子化趋势已经非常明显,根据中国国家统计局发布的数据,2019年中国全年出生人口1465万人,在2018年已经快速滑坡的基础上继续减少了58万人。同时,中国老龄化程度也越来越高,65岁及以上人口占比已经从2000年的7%上升到了2019年的12.6%。老龄化与少子化为中国未来的发展带来了不少阻力,消费、投资、出口都会受到深刻影响,这构成了我们的研究背景。

综观相关研究可以发现,利用宏观和微观的数据得出的结论完全相反,单独考虑农村居民或城市居民的行为也可能得出不同的结果,以消费为研究对象和以储蓄为研究对象也可能得到不一致的结论。此外,我们也发现以往的文献存在一些不足。第一,解释变量的内在含义存在问题。由……

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