李宏 郑天佑

摘要 在中美贸易战的背景下，分析了我国新型农业经营主体发展的现状和问题，重点指出了新型农业经营主体的三方面问题，专业大户、家庭农场面临过度规模化的问题，农民合作社内部治理和收益分配的问题，农业企业存在离农化和损害农民利益的问题。总结了新型农业经营主体在发展过程中面临的共同困境，如高昂的粮食生产成本、超额的农地流转租金、“非粮化”诱惑、金融支持困境和政策困境。针对这些现状和困境，给出4点对策，严控过度规模经营，对新型农业经营主体进行二次补贴，大力发展社会化服务体系，全面推行贴保贴息政策。

关键词 新型农业经营主体;适度规模经营;非粮化;社会化服务;流转租金

中图分类号 S-9-  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）13-0224-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.13.057

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

The Developmental Current Situation， Dilemma and Countermeasure of the New Agricultural Business Entities

LI Hong，ZHENG Tian you

（Anhui Communications Vocational and Technical College，Hefei，Anhui 230051）

Abstract Under the background of Sino US trade war， this paper analyses the current situation of the development of new agricultural business entities in China. Three problems are highlighted，large professional households and family farms are facing the problem of excessive scale. The problems of internal governance and income distribution in farmers cooperatives are prominent. Agricultural enterprises have the tendency of non agriculture and damaging the interests of farmers. This paper sums up the common dilemma faced by new agricultural business entities in the process of development， such as high food production costs， excessive land transfer rent， temptation of non grain， financial support dilemma and policy dilemma. In view of these situations and difficulties， this paper puts forward four countermeasures to solve the problem， such as strictly control over scale，the second subsidy for the new agricultural business entities， developing agricultural socialized service system， and implementing interest and premium subsidies.

Key words The new agricultural business entities;The optimum management scale of farmland;Non grain;Agricultural socialization service;Land transfer rent

粮食安全是我国国家安全战略的重要组成部分。资料显示，2017年我国粮食净进口量达12 782万t，约占我国粮食生产量的1/5，占世界粮食贸易总量的1/4以上[1]。自2018年中美发生贸易战以来，美方以各种理由或借口，逐步升级对我国诸多领域的制裁措施，遏制中国发展的意图昭然若揭，不排除美国在关键的“粮食危机”时刻，利用“断供”等方式，威胁我国的粮食安全和国家安全。当下新型农业经营主体是我国粮食生产的中坚力量，了解其经营困境，帮助其克服困难，对于提升我国的粮食生产能力，实现我国“谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全”的粮食安全战略，具有重要的现实意义。……