宋志均 周其军 董军红 刘国涛

摘要 为了探讨小麦生长期内，在底肥施用氮、磷、鉀肥的基础上，叶面喷施微量元素肥料对产量、籽粒、茎叶中含量的影响。用众麦99为材料，在安阳市农业科学院柏庄基地进行试验，在小麦拔节中期和抽穗初期，对叶面喷施一定含量的锌、铁、硒肥。结果表明，喷施微量元素肥料对产量及其三因素都有不同程度的影响，千粒重提高，有效穗数减少，锌和铁肥在茎叶、颖壳、籽粒都有拮抗作用，硒肥和锌、铁肥之间在茎叶、颖壳、籽粒都有抑制作用;喷施硒肥籽粒、茎叶、颖壳含量都增加，易形成富硒作用。

关键词 微肥;产量;茎叶;颖壳

中图分类号 S-144  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）13-0173-02

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.13.043

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effects of Foliar Spraying Microfertilizer on Yield， Grain and Dry Matter of Wheat

SONG Zhi jun，ZHOU Qi jun， DONG Jun hong et al

（Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Henan Province，Anyang，Henan  455000）

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of foliar spraying microelement fertilizer on wheat yield， grain， stem and leaf contents on the basis of base fertilizer application of N， P and K during wheat growth period. Using Zhongmai 99 as material， the experiment was carried out in the Bozhuang Base of Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In the middle jointing and early heading stage of wheat， the fertilizer of zinc， iron and selenium with certain content was sprayed on the leaves. The results showed that spraying microelement fertilizer had different effects on yield and its three factors. The 1 000 grain weight increased and the number of effective panicles decreased. The zinc and iron fertilizer had antagonistic effects on stem， leaf， glume and grain， while the selenium fertilizer and zinc and  iron fertilizer had inhibitory effects on stem， leaf， glume and grain. Spraying selenium fertilizer increased the contents of grains， stems， leaves and glumes， and it was easy to form selenium enrichment

Key words Micro fertilizer;Production;Stem leaves;Clever shell

我国隐性饥饿的人口达3亿。相较于“吃不饱”的显性饥饿，隐性饥饿更为隐蔽，主要指营养不均衡即缺乏微量元素、维生素、矿物质。小麦是世界上种植面积最大的粮食作物，也是我国第二大粮食作物，是人们的主要食物来源。小麦生长过程中N、P、K肥是基础性肥料，已经引起粮食生产者的重视。锌、铁、硒等微量元素的补充，可以提高小麦专用品质。小麦生长发育营养主要依靠根系吸收，同时叶片喷施也可以补充营养物质。小麦叶面肥是以叶面吸收为目的，是一种快速、高效、及时补充养分的施肥方式。小麦从苗期到蜡熟前均能够吸收叶片喷施的营养成分，铁、锌、硒3种微量元素在植物体内具有重要的生物学功能，含量过多或过少，都将导致植物产生生理性疾病[1]。……