张建学 杨志奇 雷建明 王芙蓉 张亚宏 范提平

摘要 采用裂區试验设计，研究有机肥和磷肥配施对北方旱地甘蓝型冬油菜苗期叶片、根系生长、产量和品质的影响。试验设主处理为不施有机肥（M0）和施有机肥处理（M），副处理4个磷肥施用量（P2O5）分别为0、75、150、225 kg/hm2。结果表明，适当的有机肥和磷肥配施可促进冬油菜的生长，改善经济性状，增加产量，有机肥和磷肥配施效果明显，在MP2O5150处理时效果最佳，叶片数、叶干重、主根长、主根颈直径、根干重分别比对照处理M0P2O50增加了6.00片、7.44 g、19.56 cm、0.75 cm和1.91 g;株高、主花序有效角果数、单株有效角果数、角粒数和单株产量分别比对照处理M0P2O5 0 增幅46.91%、18.19%、28.73%、9.63%和72.22%，产量为3 613.11 kg/hm2，较对照增收1 257.15 kg/hm2，增幅53.36%，增产差异非常显著。施用有机肥对旱地冬油菜籽粒品质影响不明显，但施磷肥可提高含油量和芥酸含量，降低硫甙、蛋白质和油酸的含量，MP2O5150处理时含油量最高为45.36%，比对照处理高2.59%，芥酸含量为36.36%，比对照处理高2.1%，硫甙含量99.13 kg/hm2，蛋白质含量21.88%。

关键词 有机肥;磷肥;冬油菜;根系;产量;品质

中图分类号 S-634.3  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）13-0165-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.13.041

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

The Effect of Organic Fertilizer and Phosphate Fertilizer on the Root Growth and Yield and Quality of Brassica napus in the Dryland

ZHANG Jian xue，  YANG Zhi qi ， LEI Jian ming et al

（Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Tianshui，Tianshui， Gansu 741001）

Abstract The effects of organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer on the leaves， roots， yield and quality of Brassica napus in dryland were studied by using the split plot experiment. In the experiment， the main treatment was non organic fertilizer application or organic fertilizer， and the secondary treatment was 0， 75， 150 and 225 kg/hm2 of phosphate fertilizer applications. The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer could promote the growth of root， improve economic character and increase yield. The effect was most obvious when treated with MP2O5150，the number of leaves， dry weight of leaves， length of main root， neck of root and dry weight of root increased by 6.00 pieces， 7.44 g， 19.56 cm， 0.75 cm and 1.91 g respectively. The plant height， effective pods in main flower， effective pods per plant， seeds per pod and the yield per plant increased by 46.91%， 18.19%， 28.73%， 9.63% and 72.22% respectively compared with the control. The production was 3 613.11 kg/hm2， increased by 1 257.15 kg/hm2 compared with the control and grew 53.36%. The increase in production was very significant. The application of organic fertilizer had no significant effect on the grain quality of winter rapeseed in dryland. However， the application of phosphate fertilizer could increase the oil content and erucic acid content， and reduce the content of glucosinolate， protein and oleic acid. The maximum oil content of MP2O5 150 was 45.36%， which was 2.59% higher than the control treatment， and the erucic acid was 36.36%， which was 2.10% higher than control. The glucosinolates content was 99.13 kg/hm2， and the protein content was 21.88%

Key words Organic fertilizer;Phosphate fertilizer;Winter rapeseed;Root system;Yield;Quality

油菜是甘肃省主要油料作物，冬油菜年播种面积约11万hm2，占全省油料作物总面积的30%，油菜面积的60%[1-2]，主要分布在陇东南的天水市、平凉市、庆阳市、定西市和陇南市等地区，白菜型冬油菜抗寒耐旱、适应性强，成为该地区主要种植类型，但相对于甘蓝型冬油菜具有产量低、品质差、效益不明显等特点[3-5]，当地冬油菜生产受到一定的影响。随着强冬性甘蓝型冬油菜新品种天油9号和天油14号等品种的成功选育[6-8]，该品种抗寒、高产、优质，效益突出，因此，在甘肃省陇东南干旱半干旱地区发展甘蓝型冬油菜将成为一种趋势。……