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黄河三角洲典型麦田氮磷钾肥料利用率研究

2021-08-06刘国利姚海燕张衍鹏王学忠

安徽农业科学 2021年13期

刘国利 姚海燕 张衍鹏 王学忠

摘要 [目的]分析黄河三角洲地区典型农田小麦NPK肥料的利用率。[方法] 以冬小麦为研究对象,设置了5个处理:NPK、NP、PK、NK和缓释肥料,比较NPK平衡施肥和施用缓释肥2种施肥方式的差异。[结果] 土壤中残存速效养分、小麦产量及生物产量存在显著差异(P<0.05)。NPK平衡施用有助于小麦增产,较NP、PK、NK处理分别提高了9.6%、11.3%、33.8%。同时NPK处理中N、P、K肥料利用率较缓释肥处理均有所增加。[结论]选择适宜的施肥模式是该地区提高肥料利用率的关键环节。

关键词 小麦;肥料利用率;NPK;缓释肥料

中图分类号 S-512.1  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611(2021)13-0163-02

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.13.040

开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):

Study of Utilization Rates of NPK Fertilizers in the Typical Wheat Farmland of the Yellow River Delta

LIU Guo li1, YAO Hai yan2, ZHANG Yan peng3 et al

(1.Integrated Agricultural Service Centre of Xiaobotou Town, Wudi County, Binzhou City, Shandong Province,Binzhou, Shandong  251911;2.Agricultural & Rural Bureau of Wudi County, Binzhou City, Shandong Province,Binzhou, Shandong 251900;3.School of Biological & Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong 256600)

Abstract [Objective] To analyze the utilization rates of NPK fertilizers in the wheat farmland of the Yellow River Delta. [Method] Five treatments were arranged in this study, i.e., NPK, NP, PK, NK, and slow released fertilizer. The differences in NPK utilization between balanced NPK fertilization and slow released fertilizer fertilization were determined. [Result] The significant differences were observed in soil available nutrients contents, wheat biomass production and grain yield. Higher wheat grain yield were in the balanced NPK fertilization treatment, and the utilization rates of NPK fertilizers were greater than that in the slow released fertilizer treatment. [Conclusion] Selecting the suitable fertilization mode could be the key step to increase the fertilizer utilization rate in the study area.

Key words Wheat;Fertilizer utilization rate;NPK nutrients;Slow released fertilizer

化肥是粮食增产的基础,世界农业的发展证明,施用化肥是最快、最有效、最重要的作物增产措施[1]。随着社会对粮食需求的增加,化肥的需求量不断上升,但化肥在带来增产的同时,其正反两方面的作用已逐渐被人们所认识,即肥料既是作物高产优质的物质基础,又是潜在的环境污染因子,不合理施肥造成的污染问题已有较多报道[2-4]。当前,由于过量施肥引发了一系列的资源浪费和环境污染问题,同时,施肥的增产效率也逐渐下降。因此,如何通过施肥达到养分供应和作物需求的时空一致性,实现作物高产和环境保护相协调,提高化肥的养分利用率成为关乎资源、环境和粮食安全的重要问题[5-7]。

为分析黄河三角洲地区典型农田主要粮食作物的肥料利用率,促进农业生产高产高效,减轻化学肥料施用对生态环境造成的影响,笔者通过比较不同肥料施用方式下,小麦生长情况及土壤主要肥力指标的变化,探索集成科学施肥模式,为农业减施增效和可持续发展提供依据和支撑。……

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