摘要 采用形态鉴定与ITS分子序列鉴定相结合的方法，对采集的一株马勃属野生真菌进行鉴定，并对该菌种菌丝生物学特性进行研究。结果表明，初步通过形态鉴定法鉴定为梨形马勃，后进一步用ITS分子序列鉴定法鉴定，分离株rDNA ITS 片段长度为697 bp，测序结果登录NCBI与GenBank中已知菌种进行BLAST比对，采用MEGA 2.0软件构建系统发育树，鉴定分离菌种为网纹马勃，结合形态特征，最终鉴定该菌种为网纹马勃（Lycoperdon perlatum）。生物学特性研究结果表明，可溶性淀粉为该菌丝生长的最适碳源，硝酸铵为最适氮源，7.0为最适pH，菌丝最适温度为25 ℃。

关键词 网纹马勃;分离;鉴定;生物学特性

中图分类号 S-646  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）13-0120-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.13.029

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Study on Identification and Biological Characteristics of a Wild Lycoperdon perlatum

ZHANG Yan

（Liaoning Provincial Institute of Poplar， Gaizhou， Liaoning 115213）

Abstract A wild macrofungi fruiting body was isolated by tissue isolation method， identified by morphological identification and its molecular sequence identification， and the biological characteristics of the mycelium were studied. The results showed that the strain was identified as Lycoperdon pyriforme Schaeff.：Pers by morphological identification and ITS molecular sequence identification. The length of ITS fragment of rDNA was 697 bp. The sequencing results were registered in NCBI and compared with the known strains in GenBank by blast， the ITS sequence with similar height was downloaded and compared with cluster W. Mega 2.0 software was used to construct the system tree， and the isolated strain was identified as Lycoperdon perlatum. The results showed that the suitable carbon source for mycelium growth was soluble starch， the suitable nitrogen source was ammonium nitrate， the suitable pH value was 7.0， and the optimum temperature was 25 ℃.

Key words Lycoperdon perlatum;Isolation;Identification;Biological characteristics

網纹马勃（Lycoperdon perlatum），马勃菌目马勃菌科马勃属。夏秋季林中常见，幼时可食，子实体有消肿、止血、解毒作用。可与松树、栎树、云杉等形成外生菌根，具有良好的经济价值和生态价值，有必要开展深入研究。笔者对该野生菌种进行了鉴定，并初步研究其生物学特性，旨在为其进一步开发利用提供科学依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 研究区概况

该林场距哈尔滨市108 km，地处127°30′～127°34′E，45°20′～45°25′N，年平均气温2.6 ℃，最低温度在1月，为-31.9 ℃，最高温度在7月，为32 ℃。年均降水量723.8 mm，多集中在7、8月，占全年总降水量的54%，蒸发量1 093.3 mm，无霜期120～140 d，年日照时数2 471.3 h，春季有很强的西南、西北气流侵入，少雨干旱。该地区地带性土壤为暗棕壤，有机质含量较为丰富。

1.2 试验材料

1.2.1 子实体。子实体采自东北林业大学帽儿山试验林场（图1）。

1.2.2 培养基。

菌种分离及扩繁采用PDA加富培养基。……