秦梦晗 司增志 曹丽娟 赵捷雄 吉庭锋 李祥龙 高桂生 吉志新

摘要 [目的]研究在饲料中添加不同比例的甘薯黄粉对黄粉虫各阶段生殖性能的影响，确定甘薯黄粉最佳添加量。[方法]喂食黄粉虫添加比例分別为10%、20%、30%、40%、50%的甘薯黄粉饲料，测定黄粉虫幼虫阶段体重、体长、头宽、死亡率、饲料转化率、幼虫历期，黄粉虫蛹阶段的化蛹率、蛹历期、蛹的重量和雌雄比以及成虫阶段的羽化率、成虫发育历期、成虫的产卵量和卵的孵化率。[结果]喂食50%甘薯黄粉+50%麦麸和40%甘薯黄粉+60%麦麸的黄粉虫老熟幼虫体重、体长均极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）;喂食40%甘薯黄粉+60%麦麸的黄粉虫化蛹率显著高于对照组和其他处理组（P<0.05）;喂食50%甘薯黄粉+50%麦麸的黄粉虫蛹重最高;饲料中添加40%甘薯黄粉+60%麦麸的黄粉虫孵化率、羽化率最高且显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;随着甘薯黄粉添加量的增加，老熟幼虫体重、体长、头宽、化蛹率、蛹重、羽化率、产卵量及孵化率均呈上升趋势，而死亡率、饲料系数呈下降趋势。[结论]考虑到经济成本因素，在饲料中添加40%甘薯黄粉对黄粉虫的生殖性能效果最好，对大批量生产黄粉虫具有较好的应用前景。

关键词 黄粉虫;甘薯黄粉;化蛹率

中图分类号 S-899  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）13-0095-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.13.023

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Influences of Adding Sweet Potato Yellow Powder in the Feed on the Growth of Tenebrio molitor L.

QIN Meng han1，SI Zeng zhi1，CAO Li juan2 et al

（1.Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology， Qinhuangdao， Hebei  066004;2.Lanbei Wine Group Co.， Ltd.， Luanzhou， Hebei 063700）

Abstract [Objective]To study the influences of adding different proportions of sweet potato yellow powder in the feed on the reproductive performance of Tenebrio molitor at each stage， and determine the optimal amount of sweet potato yellow powder. [Method] 10%， 20%， 30%， 40% and 50% T. molitor were added in the sweet potato yellow powder feed to determine the body weight， body length， head width， mortality， feed conversion rate， and larval duration of yellow mealworm at larva stage，the pupation rate， pupal duration， pupa weight and sex ratio at the pupae stage， the eclosion rate， adult duration，egg production and hatching rate at adult stage. [Result] T. molitor fed with 50% sweet potato yellow powder+50% wheat bran and 40% sweet potato yellow powder+60% wheat bran had significantly higher body weight and body length of mature larvae than the control group （P<0.01）. The pupation rate of T. molitor fed with 40% sweet potato yellow powder + 60% wheat bran was significantly higher than that of the control group and other treatment groups （P<0.05）.T. molitor  fed with 50% sweet potato yellow powder + 50% wheat bran had the highest pupal weight. The hatching rate and pupation rate of T. molitor fed with the feed with 40% sweet potato yellow powder+60% wheat bran were the highest and significantly higher than those of the control group （P<0.05）. With the increase of the adding amount of sweet potato yellow powder， the body weight， body length， head width， pupation rate， pupal weight， the eclosion rate， egg production and hatching rate showed upward trends， while the mortality and feed coefficient showed downward trends.  [Conclusion] Considering economic cost factors， adding 40% sweet potato yellow powder in the feed had the best effects on the reproductive performance of T. molitor， and had a good application prospect for mass production of T. molitor.

Key words Tenebrio molitor L.;Sweet potato yellow powder;Pupation rate

黄粉虫（Tenebrio molitor L.）原产于南美洲，是一种重要的世界性仓储害虫[1]。黄粉虫干品脂肪含量约30%，蛋白质含量在50%以上，此外还含有多种常量元素和微量元素[2]，被广泛应用于饲养鱼类、禽类、仔猪等经济价值较高的动物[3-5]，在食品、医药保健品、抗菌蛋白等方面具有较高的利用价值[6-7]。

甘薯黄粉是甘薯在加工过程中，经过淀粉的沉淀和甘薯渣的去除，最后留下的物质经干燥后加工而成的灰黑色粉末状物质，其中含有大量的蛋白质、淀粉和少量的纤维。甘薯黄粉与甘薯渣的营养成分有很大差异[8]，甘薯黄粉的营养成分比甘薯渣更丰富，用部分甘薯黄粉代替麦麸饲喂黄粉虫能够促进黄粉虫的生长发育。目前，关于在黄粉虫饲料中添加甘薯黄粉对黄粉虫生长发育影响的研究未见报道。……