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基于成本效益分析的草鱼不同池塘养殖模式比较

2021-08-06郭红喜周琰柯彦若杨泽冰龚琦肖彩虹

安徽农业科学 2021年13期

郭红喜 周琰 柯彦若 杨泽冰 龚琦 肖彩虹

摘要 [目的]分析广东地区不同草鱼池塘养殖模式效益。[方法]基于广东省中山、佛山、惠州、清远、韶关等地162例草鱼养殖实地调研数据,采用成本效益分析法、盈亏平衡分析法和敏感性分析法对草鱼4种池塘养殖模式成本效益进行了分析。[结果]从经济效益来看,脆肉鲩养殖模式净利润最高,鱼种养殖模式次之;从成本构成来看,可变成本远高于固定成本,其中饲料成本占比最大;从不确定性来看,小草鱼养殖模式易受到市场波动的影响,规避市场风险能力小于其他3种养殖模式。[结论]提出了合理确定养殖模式、加强科学投喂、提高政府财政补贴等建议。

关键词 草鱼;池塘养殖;成本效益;广东

中图分类号 S-9-9  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611(2021)13-0092-03

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.13.022

开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):

Comparison among Different Pond Breeding Models of Grass Carp Based on  Cost benefit Analysis

GUO Hong xi, ZHOU Yan, KE Yan ruo et al

(Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan,Hubei  430065)

Abstract [Objective]To analyze the benefits of different pond breeding models of grass carp in Guangdong Province. [Method]Based on the field survey data of 162 cases of grass carp culture in Zhongshan, Foshan, Huizhou, Qingyuan, Shaoguan and other places of Guangdong Province, the cost benefit analysis, break even analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to analyze the cost benefit situations of four kinds of pond culture models of grass carp. [Result] From the economic benefits, the net profit of crisped grass carp culture model was the highest, followed by fingerling culture model. In terms of cost composition, variable costs were greatly higher than fixed costs, feed cost took the largest proportion. As for the uncertainty, the breeding model of small grass carp was vulnerable to market fluctuations, and it had less ability to avoid market risks than the other three breeding models. [Conclusion]Suggestions were proposed,such as rationally determining the breeding model, strengthening scientific feeding, increasing government financial subsidies.

Key words Grass carp;Pond culture;Cost benefit;Guangdong

我國草鱼人工养殖始于1958年人工繁殖技术的突破[1],经过多年养殖,我国已成为全球最大的草鱼养殖国。据统计,2018年我国草鱼养殖产量约550.43万t,其中广东省产量约89.24万t[2],占比位居全国第一。草鱼养殖模式也从单一的商品鱼养殖发展出多种养殖模式,目前广东省各地养殖模式主要有鱼种养殖、小草鱼养殖、大草鱼养殖和脆肉鲩养殖。

在水产品养殖效益研究领域,国内研究者大多采用成本结构差异分析、盈亏平衡分析以及敏感性分析等[3-8]方法,评价了大黄鱼、花鲈、河蟹、罗非鱼、大菱鲆、南美白对虾等养殖品种在不同模式下的盈利能力,但鲜有草鱼不同养殖模式成本效益相关报道。……

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