徐杰 王泽懿 刘文越 狄鲁滨 黄雨阳

摘要 以玉米农田土壤为筛选样本，以玉米秸秆为筛选碳源，通过多重筛选试验组合，成功构建一组高效降解纤维素的复合型菌剂Y8，并进行室内摇瓶试验、室外对比性坑试，从实际应用的角度探讨菌剂Y8的降解能力。经菌落和菌体形态观察及生理生化初步鉴定，这8株纤维素降解菌株均属于芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus sp.）。在摇瓶试验中，该菌剂对玉米秸秆的降解率达44.70%;田间试验中菌剂对秸秆的降解率可达60%以上。研究结果表明，菌剂Y8可明显提高玉米秸秆田间原位腐解效率，并在一定程度上抑制植物病原菌的生长。

关键词 复合型菌剂;原位腐解;酶解活力;玉米秸秆;研制;功能验证

中图分类号 S-141.4  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）13-0074-06

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.13.019

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Development and Functional Verification of in situ Decomposing Agent for Corn Stalk in the Field

XU Jie，WANG Ze yi， LIU Wen yue et al

（College of Resources and Environment， Northeast Agricultural University， Harbin， Heilongjiang 150030）

Abstract Taking corn farmland soil as the screening sample and corn straw as the carbon source，through multiple screening experiments， a group of compound bacterifier Y8 with high efficiency for cellulose degradation was successfully constructed.The indoor shaking bottle experiment and outdoor comparative pits were conducted to explore the degradation capacity of bacterifier Y8 from the perspective of practical application.The morphological observation and physiological and biochemical identification of the colonies and bacteria showed that all the 8 cellulose degrading strains belonged to Bacillus sp..In the flask shaking experiment， the degradation rate of the bacterial agent to corn straw was 44.70%.In the field experiment， the degradation rate of bacterial agent to straw could reach more than 60%.The research results showed that the fungus Y8 could significantly improve the efficiency of corn stalk decomposing in situ in the field， and inhibit the growth of plant pathogenic bacteria to a certain extent.

Key words Compound bacteria agent;Decomposing in situ; Enzyme activity;Corn straw;Development;Functional verification

玉米是东北地区种植面积最大的粮食作物，据统计，2018年黑龙江省玉米播种面积为631.7万hm2[1]。如此大量的玉米种植面积必然会导致收割后产生的玉米秸秆难以有效处理利用[2]。虽然秸秆作为可以直接利用的可再生资源，但目前最多的处理方式仍然是直接田间焚烧。秸秆焚烧加剧了空气污染，促使了“复合型雾霾”频发，浪费了秸秆中大量的有机营养物质[3-4]。为了减少此现象的发生，目前政府大力提倡将秸秆直接还田，但由于秸秆中含有大量的木质纤维素类物质，导致其自然腐解效率低，严重影响播种效果。该研究所研制的菌剂旨在提高玉米秸秆的田间原位腐解效率，同时降低玉米常见病害的感染率，改善土壤肥力，缓解秸秆焚烧带来的环境生态压力。……