引进甘蓝型油菜新品种(系)适应性研究
2021-08-06罗孝荣吴海棠李大荣吴佳奇熊琳珂
罗孝荣 吴海棠 李大荣 吴佳奇 熊琳珂



摘要 为筛选更适合西藏种植的油菜品种,2014年引进18个油菜品种,以当地品种山油2 号为对照,在西藏林芝进行适应性比较试验研究,对各品种的生育期、农艺性状及产量进行考察分析。结果表明,引进的18个油菜品种均能正常成熟。参试品种(系)苏油1号综合性状应进行进一步试验;H19-4、花油5号、花油6号、玉红油1号虽早熟,但产量性状不佳,不建议引进;浙双758、美油王999、浙大619、南农油3号、浙双72农艺性状和产量性状表现好,但均为晚熟品种,可根据实际情况引进。
关键词 甘蓝型油菜;引种;适应性;比较试验
中图分类号 S634.3 文献标识码 A
文章编号 0517-6611(2021)13-0017-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.13.005
开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
Study on Adaptability of Introduced New Varieties (Lines) of Brassica napus
LUO Xiao rong,WU Hai tang,LI Da rong et al
(Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Enshi,Hubei 445000)
Abstract In order to screen suitable Brassica napus species to be planted in Tibet,eighteen new varieties of B.napus were introduced to Tibet.A comparative study on adaptability of all the species was conducted in Nyingchi,Tibet in 2014.The growth stage,agronomic traits and yield of each variety were investigated and analyzed.The results showed that all the eighteen introduced B.napus varieties could mature normally.The comprehensive characteristic of Suyou 1 should be further tested.Although H19-4,Huayou 5,Huayou 6 and Yuhongyou 1 were early maturing varieties,their yields were low,so these varieties should not be introduced to Tibet.The agronomic traits and yield of Zheshuang 758,Meiyouwang 999,Zheda 619,Nannongyou 3 and Zheshuang 72 were good,but they were late maturing varieties,these varieties should be introduced according to the actual situation.
Key words Brassica napus L.;Introduction;Adaptability;Comparative study
油菜(Brassica napus)又名油白菜、苦菜,属十字花科(Cruciferae)芸苔属(Brassica),是世界四大油料作物之一,也是重要的经济作物,我国油菜的栽培面积和总产占世界的1/3[1-2]。油菜喜冷凉,抗寒力较强,种植要求土层深厚,结构良好,有机质丰富,既保肥保水,又疏松通气的壤质土,在弱酸或中性土壤中,更有利于增加产量,提高菜籽含油率。目前油菜主要栽培(品种)类型有芥菜型油菜、白菜型油菜、甘蓝型油菜3种。甘蓝型油菜品种在20世纪 30—40 年代期间由欧洲和日本传入我国[3],由于其对气候条件和土壤性质的要求,适宜种植区域主要分布在黄淮以及长江流域地区,西藏则在20世纪60年代初[4]引进种植。
西藏位于青藏高原西南部,平均海拔达4 000 m以上,由于海拔高、气温低和日照时间长等多方面因素的影响,西藏在农业生产、运作机制等方面与其他地区存在较大差异,且西藏气候干燥,农作物种植过程中易受到自然灾害的影响[5-6]。……
