辛卓航 叶磊 刘海星 商华

摘  要：面向我国生态文明建设的重大国家需求，传统水利学科的发展逐渐由服务于工程建设向注重与生态、环境相协调转变，社会迫切需要一大批交叉领域的复合型、综合型创新人才。这就要求高校在基础理论，关键技术及人才培养方面与当前国家和社会需求有更好的对接。新的交叉方向应将水利与环境、生态、海洋多学科交叉融合，以生态环境为主线将流域与海岸带系统相关联，关注资源能源开发、工程建设运行等引发的流域与海岸带生态环境问题。融合多学科交叉力量，从人才培养、师资队伍建设、社会服务与成果转化、国际交流与合作方面探讨交叉学科建设模式。为国内高校传统工科改革，为新工科人才培养及学科建设发展提供参考和借鉴。

关键词：生态文明建设;水利工程;生态环境;学科交叉;建设模式

中图分类号：G640 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2096-000X（2021）15-0084-04

Abstracts： Under the urgent need of the nation's ecological civilization construction， the major focus of traditional discipline， hydraulic engineering， has changed from the construction and operation of the engineering projects to the harmonization with the eco-environmental effects， meanwhile， the society has an urgent demand for the interdisciplinary and integrated engineering talents. These accordingly require the changes of educational modes in colleges and universities in terms of basic theory， key technology and talent training. The new inter-disciplinesshould integrate water conservancy， environment， ecology and ocean. With the ecological environment as the main line， the basin is connected with the coastal zone system， and the attention is paid to the ecological and environmental problems in the basin and coastal zone caused by the development of resources and energy， and the construction and operation of projects. We should integrate the cross-disciplinary forces， and explore the cross-disciplinary construction mode from the aspects of talent training， teacher team construction， social service and achievement transformation， and international exchange and cooperation. It can provide insights for the reform of traditional disciplines and for the training of talents and the development of disciplines under the background of emerging engineering education.

Keywords： ecological civilization construction; hydraulic engineering; eco-environment; inter-disciplinary; construction mode

黨的十八大提出了“建设海洋强国”的重大战略任务，十九大将“加快生态文明建设”“实现人与自然和谐发展”“坚持陆海统筹、加快建设海洋强国”等作为建设美丽中国和现代化强国的重要目标。为此，如何从科学理论、关键技术及人才培养等方面支撑国家生态文明建设，践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”的重要理念，成为了高校教学与科研的重要任务。由于我国人口高密度、资源分布不均，对于水利学科而言，目前尚处在工程建设时期，并已开始关注工程建设与资源开发所带来的生态环境影响，例如大坝建设和运行将改变河流原有的物质场、能量场、化学场和生物场，影响生源要素在河流中的生物地球化学过程，进而改变生态系统的物种构成、栖息地分布及生态功能[1]。……