自热食品使用安全风险分析研究
2021-07-15林世聪黎华玲梁俊超林枫楷
林世聪 黎华玲 梁俊超 林枫楷



摘 要:自热食品具有无明火、方便携带、使用方法简单等优势,但若使用不当,则存在安全风险问题。该文通过对自热食品常规使用、误接触、发热包破损、误加热水、二次使用的5种模拟实验发现,自热食品常规使用过程,食品外壳温度可达85 ℃,存在烫伤风险;手部带水,存在手部水触发发热包发热烫伤隐患;发热包破损继续使用,存在食物被污染问题及被高温蒸汽、发热包内部材料溅射烫伤隐患;误加热水,存在被发热包瞬间升温的高温蒸汽烫伤,及引发爆炸危险;发热包二次使用释放热量较首次低,但仍具有危险性。通过以上研究,为自热食品风险监测提供科学依据,并提高安全使用意识。
关键词:自热食品 使用 安全 风险
中图分类号:G434 文獻标识码:A文章编号:1672-3791(2021)03(c)-0113-04
Safety Risk Analysis of Self-heating Food
LIN Shicong LI Hualing* LIANG Junchao LIN Fengkai
(Guangzhou Institude of Energy Testing, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 511447 China)
Abstract: Self-heating food has the advantages of no flame, easy to carry and simple to use, but if used improperly, there will be safety risks. Through five kinds of simulation experiments: routine use, false contact, damaged heating bag, heated water, and secondary use, it is found that the temperature of food box can reach 85 ℃ during the routine use of self-heating food, and there is a risk of scalding. From the false contact experiment, it can be seen that in the process of hand water contacting the heating bag, there is a hidden danger of hand water triggering the heating bag to heat and scald. The use of damaged heating bag will cause food contamination and high temperature steam, and the internal material sputtering of the heating bag to scald. The mistake of hot water leads to the risk of scalding and explosion of steam. When the heating bag is used in the second time, the heat release of the heating bag is lower than that of the first time, but it's still dangerous. Through the above research, it can provide scientific basis for the risk monitoring of self-heating food, and improve their safety awareness.
Key Words: Self-heating food; Use; Safety; Risk
随着人们生活节奏的加快,自热食品逐渐受到年轻消费者的欢迎,在“懒人经济”和“新冠肺炎”的推动下,自热食品的销量更是大幅度提升,同时自热食品安全问题也成为了关注热点。
自热食品主要由预加工食材、食材盒、顶盖、外盒和发热包组成,其加热过程是利用发热包内的物质与水接触发生化学反应释放出热量,食材吸收热量后温度升高。自热食品加热无明火,但仍具使用的安全隐患,例如:发热包发热过程中膨胀破裂发热材料泄漏污染食材;消费者在加热自热火锅时引发爆炸导致灼伤。国内外对自热食品使用过程安全风险分析研究较少,该文以自热食品为研究对象,通过监测自热食品使用过程中的温度变化,分析自热食品常规使用、误接触、发热包破损、误加热水、二次使用的5种情况下的温度变化规律及风险隐患。……
