高磊

摘 要 为准确了解高职院校少数民族学生的心理变化，提升学生心理健康水平，对其进行心理健康追踪具有必要性，为此本文进行了基于SCL-90量表的高职院校少数民族学生心理健康追踪研究。选择10所高职院校1000名少数民族学生为研究对象，结合文献分析法、问卷调查法进行调查资料归纳总结，并利用SCL-90量表进行评测，得出2015～2019年高职院校少数民族学生心理健康发展规律，即10个因子中，躯体化因子对心理健康的影响不大;高职院校少数民族学生心理健康检出率逐年提高;高职院校少数民族学生心理健康水平低于正常人群和全国大学生人群;高职院校少数民族女学生的心理健康问题要比男生严重。

关键词 SCL-90量表 高职院校 少数民族 学生 心理健康追踪

中图分类号：G444                                   文献标识码：A    DOI：10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.10.061

Abstract In order to accurately understand the psychological changes of minority students in higher vocational colleges and improve their mental health level， it is necessary to track their mental health. Therefore， this paper conducts a tracking study on the mental health of minority students in higher vocational colleges based on SCL-90 scale. This paper selects 1000 ethnic minority students in 10 higher vocational colleges as the research object， summarizes the survey data with literature analysis and questionnaire survey， and evaluates with SCL-90 scale， and concludes the development law of mental health of ethnic minority students in higher vocational colleges from 2015 to 2019， that is， among the 10 factors， the summarization factor has little influence on mental health; the minority students in higher vocational colleges have little influence on their mental health the results show that the detection rate of mental health is increasing year by year; the mental health level of minority students in higher vocational colleges is lower than that of normal population and national college students; the mental health problems of female minority students in higher vocational colleges are more serious than that of male students.

Keywords SCL-90 scale; vocational colleges; ethnic minorities; students; mental health tracking

0 引言

中国地域辽阔，在漫长的历史文明发展进程中孕育了56个民族，其中有55个是少数民族，分布在我国各个地区，是中国人民的重要组成部分。为促进少数民族地区发展，增强民族凝聚力，需要逐渐提高对少数民族的重视，因此除了著名的十六所少数民族的大学外，近年来逐渐兴起了很多少数民族的高职院校。[1]高职院校与全日制学校不同，教学上更突出应用技术与实践操作能力，这类学校的招生条件和门槛较低，学生的入学年龄普遍较小，心理上和生理上都尚未发育成熟。面对未来严峻的就业形势和就业竞争，心理压力要比普通全日制大学的学生大得多，因此经常在社会新闻上看到职业院校学生自杀、伤害他人、危害校园等极端恶劣事件的发生。……