徐存翊 王昊 叶茂翔 张永生 刘劲军 曾爱平

摘要 ：油茶象Curculio chinensis Chevrolat是我国油茶作物的重要蛀果害虫，严重影响油茶的质量。触角感器是油茶象进行信息识别的重要结构单元，感器的类型和分布直接影响油茶象对机械及化学刺激的响应。本文利用扫描电镜对油茶象成虫触角上的感器进行观察和比对。结果表明： 油茶象成虫触角存在雌雄二型现象，触角长度、感器类型及分布均有显著差异。雌雄成虫触角上共有的感器类型为6类12种，包括4种刺形感器、2种锥形感器、2种叉形感器、2种毛形感器，1种Bhm氏鬃毛和1种芽孢形感器。仅在雄虫触角上观察到腔形感器，而芽孢形感器在雌、雄触角上的着生部位不同。在象甲科昆虫上首次发现了SfⅠ变形、StⅡ中部膨大和SchⅢ顶部膨大3种感器。结合已有感器功能的报道，对感器类型、形态和分布进行比较，并分析其功能。

关键词 ：油茶象; 触角; 感器; 扫描电镜; 功能

中图分类号：

S 763

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020011

Antennal sensilla of Curculio chinensis （Coleoptera： Curculionidae）

observed with scanning electron microscope

XU Cunyi， WANG Hao， YE Maoxiang， ZHANG Yongsheng， LIU Jinjun， ZENG Aiping*

（Institute of Insects， Hunan Agricultural University Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and

Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests， Changsha 410128， China）

Abstract

Curculio chinensis is a severe pest damaging camellia fruits in China， seriously affect the quality of camellia. Antenna is the main structural unit of C.chinensis for information recognition， and the type and distribution of antennal sensilla on the antennae can influence the responses of adults to mechanical and chemical stimulation. With the aid of scanning electron microscopy， antenna sensilla of C.chinensis adults were inspected and compared in this study. The results indicated that there is a sexual dimorphism in the antennae of C.chinensis adults： in addition to the length of antennae， there were also differences in the type and distribution of antennal sensilla between the sexes. There were six types and a total of 12 subtypes of common antennal sensilla in both sexes， including four subtypes of sensilla chaetica， two subtypes of sensilla basiconica， two subtypes of sensilla furcation， two subtypes of sensilla trichodea， one subtype of Bhm bristle and one subtype of sensilla gemmiformium. The sensillum cavity was only observed in males， and sensilla gemmiformium was distributed in different locations between the sexes. Three subtypes （Sf Ⅰ variant， St Ⅱ middle swelling and Sch Ⅲ tip swelling） were for the first time reported in insects of Curculionidae. The possible functions of these sensilla were discussed based on comparison with reported morphology and distribution.

Key words

Curculio chinensis; antenna; sensilla; scanning electronic microscope （SEM）; function

油茶象Curculio chinensis Chevrolat，又名山茶象、中華茶籽象，属鞘翅目Coleoptera象甲科Curculionidae，是油茶专性蛀果害虫，大部分油茶产区均有分布[1]，引起油茶品质下降[2]，严重影响我国油茶产业的发展。但因其生活隐蔽，成虫在果内产卵，幼虫孵化后啃食果仁，最后随落果进入土中化蛹[3]，防治困难。而引诱剂作为一种有效的生态防控手段，已逐渐成为害虫防治研究的热点。触角是昆虫接受外来化学及机械刺激的重要感觉器官，感器是昆虫触角上着生的基本感觉结构，昆虫以此接收外界信息，从而作出觅食、交配、产卵、寻找寄主、选择栖息地等行为反应[4]。……