赵鹏宇 燕平梅 赵晓东 白雪

摘要 ：本研究旨在科學评价威百亩熏蒸对土壤微生物生态系统的影响，为环境友好型消毒剂的选择提供理论线索。本研究以实验室威百亩熏蒸的土壤为材料，通过高通量测序技术，研究威百亩熏蒸对土壤细菌群落的影响及熏蒸后土壤微生物群落重建及功能修复的机制。结果表明：高通量测序总共测得1 062 241个高质量序列，共比对出5 882个细菌分类单元（OTUs）。熏蒸处理后不同阶段土壤细菌群落结构在门水平上较为类似，但是在种水平差异显著。威百亩熏蒸处理对微生物群落结构和功能造成很大影响，使得细菌群落α多样性、群落构建的驱动因素、共发生网络关系以及碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢、能量代谢等代谢活性在熏蒸处理后的初、中期阶段表现出上升或者下降的趋势，并在处理后的中后期迅速恢复并趋于平稳。以上结果表明，威百亩处理对细菌群落造成强烈的“生态扰动”，导致细菌群落表现出“抑制激活恢复”的阶段性特征。微生物群落的稳定性与群落的抵抗力和恢复力密切相关。本研究为科学评价威百亩土壤消毒对土壤微生态系统的影响提供理论支撑，为环境友好型消毒剂的选择提供线索。

关键词 ：土壤消毒; 威百亩; 土壤微生物群落; 功能重建

中图分类号：

Q 939.96

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020461

Reconstruction and functional recovery of soil microbial community

after fumigation of metam-sodium

ZHAO Pengyu*， YAN Pingmei， ZHAO Xiaodong， BAI Xue

（Department of Biology， Taiyuan Normal University， Jinzhong 030619， China）

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to scientifically evaluate the impact of metam-sodium fumigation on the soil micro-ecosystem and provide theoretical clues for the selection of environment-friendly disinfectants. The influence of metam-sodium fumigation on soil bacterial community and the mechanism of reconstruction and functional restoration of soil microbial community after fumigation were studied in the laboratory through high-throughput sequencing technology using metam-sodium fumigated soil as the material. A total of 1 062 241 high-quality sequences were obtained by high-throughput sequencing，among which a total of 5 882 bacterial taxa （OTUs） were identified. The soil bacterial community structures were similar at the phylum level at different stages after fumigation treatment，but show significant difference at the species level. Metam-sodium fumigation had a great impact on the structure and function of the microbial community， the alpha diversity of bacterial community， the driving factors of community construction， the co-occurring network relationship and the metabolic activity showed an increase or a downward trend at the initial and middle stages after metam-sodium fumigation， but quickly recovered and stabilized in the later period after the application of metam-sodium. The above results indicated that the application of metam-sodium caused a strong “ecological disturbance” to the bacterial community， resulting in phase characteristics of “inhibition-activation-recovery” in the bacterial community. The stability of microbial community was closely related to the resistance and resilience of the community. This study provides a theoretical support for the scientific evaluation of the impact of soil disinfection with metam-sodium on the soil micro-ecosystem and provides clues for the selection of environment-friendly disinfectants.

Key words

soil disinfection; metam-sodium; soil microbial community; functional reconstruction

土壤消毒可以有效控制作物连作条件下的土传病害和地下害虫，是保护农田种植行之有效的生产技术。土壤熏蒸剂是利用其挥发时产生的气体来毒杀有害生物的一类农药。……