韩凤 肖忠 刘杰 李巧玲 韩如刚 王黎 林茂祥

摘要 ：為探讨白术生长过程中单施复合肥或与微生物菌剂（肥）、腐殖酸水溶肥配施对缓解白术连作障碍的效果，采用种植过白术的土壤进行田间小区试验。以单施复合肥处理为对照（CK），复合肥分别与5种微生物菌剂、1种微生物菌肥、1种腐殖酸水溶肥混施，比较施用不同肥料对连作白术的农艺性状、产量、品质以及根腐病的影响。结果表明：与单施复合肥（CK）相比，配施腐殖酸水溶肥对白术生长的促进作用最为显著（P<0.05）。配施绿陇鱼蛋白微生物菌剂对根腐病的防治效果最优（P<0.05），达到61.06%;同时白术内酯Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的含量之和最高，达到0153%。综合分析结果，在复合肥的基础上，配合微生物菌剂有利于减轻白术根腐病的发生;配施腐殖酸类有机肥，仅能促进连作白术单株的生长，提高产量。综合效果比较好的是施用绿陇鱼蛋白微生物菌剂+复合肥。

关键词 ：白术; 连作; 微生物菌肥; 腐殖酸类水溶肥; 产量; 根腐病; 质量

中图分类号：

R 931.2

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020073

Effects of applying different fertilizers on the agronomic traits， yield and

quality of continuously cropped Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.

HAN Feng1，2， XIAO Zhong1，2， LIU Jie1，2， LI Qiaoling1， HAN Rugang1， WANG Li1， LIN Maoxiang1*

（1. The Research Institute of Medicine Plantation of Chongqing， Chongqing 408435， China;

2. Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding and Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica， Chongqing 408435， China）

Abstract

To explore the effects of single application of compound fertilizers， or combined with microbial inoculants （fertilizer）， and humic acid water-soluble fertilizer on alleviating the continuous-cropping obstacles of Atractylodes macrocephala during its growth process， the five kinds of microbial inoculants， one kind of microbial fertilizer， and one kind of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer， were mix with compound fertilizers respectively to evaluate their effects on the agronomic traits， yield， quality and root rot of continuously cropped Amacrocephala. A field plot experiment was conducted on the soil planted with A.macrocephala using completely random block design. The result showed that compared with the CK， the effect of applying of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer mixed with compound fertilizers on A.macrocephala growth was the most significant （P<005）. The control effect of applying the Lülong fish-protein microbial agent with compound fertilizers on root rot was the best （P<0.05）， reaching 61.06%. At the same time， the content of atractylenolide Ⅰ， Ⅱ， and Ⅲ was the highest， reaching 0.153%. The comprehensive analysis showed that the compound fertilizer combined with Lülong fish-protein microbial agent was beneficial for reducing the occurrence of the root rot of A.macrocephala， improving the resistance of A.macrocephala to soil-borne root rot， enhancing the prevention effect， increasing the yield and improving the quality. The combined application of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer with compound fertilizers could also promote the growth and increase the yield of A.macrocephala. The better comprehensive effect is the application of Lülong fish-protein microbial agent+compound fertilizer.

Key words

Atractylodes macrocephala; continuous cropping; microbial fertilizer; humic acid water-soluble fertilizer; yield; root rot; quality

白术来源于菊科苍术属植物白术Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.干燥的根茎[1]，是我国常用的大宗药材之一。始载于《神农本草经》，列为上品。具健脾益气、燥湿利水、止汗、安胎等功效，白术化学药效成分主要有白术挥发油、内酯类化合物、白术多糖、苷类化合物、氨基酸和微量元素等，白术化合物单体成分具有免疫调节、杀菌抗炎、抗癌等药理作用。

白术忌连作，不能在同一地块连续种植，即使正常管理条件下，白术连作也易发生根腐病、白绢病和立枯病[2]，使白术产量损失达35%～85%[3]。根腐病、立枯病等频发导致白术产量、品质下降，给药农带来较大的经济损失。大多数药农长期偏施氮肥和频繁喷洒多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵等农药来保证白术产量，不仅导致白术农药残留超标，品质下降，还污染环境、破坏生态，严重影响白术产业的可持续发展。白术连作障碍是诸多因素综合作用的结果，到目前为止尚未切实解决，有关微生物菌剂（肥）等在白术连作中的应用研究未见报道。……