吴海霞 袁梦蕾 江娜 马桂珍 孙漫红 李世东

摘要 ：粉红螺旋聚孢霉Clonostachys rosea是一种重要的植物病原生防真菌。本研究测定了不同地理来源的42株粉红螺旋聚孢霉菌株对核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum菌核的寄生能力，以及菌株几丁质酶和β-1，3-葡聚糖酶的活性，同时测定了不同菌株对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea的拮抗作用以及对番茄果实灰霉病的防治效果。结果表明，不同来源的粉红螺旋聚孢霉菌株对核盘菌菌核均有一定的寄生能力，45.2%的菌株寄生能力达到4级，β-1，3-葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶活性与其寄生能力呈极显著正相关。研究发现，粉红螺旋聚孢霉菌株对番茄灰霉病菌有一定的拮抗作用，抑制率最高可达78.4%;HN-56、STG-21-1、GS6-1等菌株对离体番茄果实灰霉病的防效达到75%以上，显示出良好的生防潜力。本研究为丰富植物真菌病害生防资源和高效粉红螺旋聚孢霉生防制剂的研发奠定了基础。

关键词 ：粉红螺旋聚孢霉; 菌寄生; 细胞壁降解酶; 核盘菌; 番茄灰霉病

中图分类号：

S 432.44

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020120

Screening and evaluation of highly efficient biocontrol

strains of Clonostachys rosea

WU Haixia1，2， YUAN Menglei2， JIANG Na2， MA Guizhen1*， SUN Manhong2*， LI Shidong2

（1. School of Marine Science and Technology， Jiangsu Ocean University， Lianyungang 222005， China;

2. Institute of Plant Protection， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100193， China）

Abstract

Clonostachys rosea is an important biocontrol fungus of plant diseases. In this study， 42 C.rosea strains derived from different areas were chosen and their mycoparasitic ability against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia， enzyme activities of chitinase and β-1，3-glucanase and control effects on tomato gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea were investigated. The results indicated that all the isolates tested could parasitize the sclerotia， in which 45.2% reached the highest level of grade four. The enzyme activities of chitinase and β-1，3-glucanase had significant positive correlations with fungal mycoparasitic ability. The maximum of inhibition rates of C.rosea against B.cinerea was 78.4%， and the control efficacies of strain HN-56， STG-21-1 and GS6-1 against gray mold of tomato fruits in vitro achieved more than 75%. This study provides new resources of biocontrol agents against plant fungal diseases and lays a foundation for the development of biocontrol agents of C.rosea.

Key words

Clonostachys rosea; mycoparasitism; cell wall degrading enzyme; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Botrytis cinerea

我國是一个农业生产大国，长期以来植物病害，尤其是真菌病害严重制约了农作物的安全和可持续生产[12]。如核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum引起的菌核病，其产生的菌核可在土壤中存活多年，条件适宜时萌发侵染植物，造成农作物产量和品质的下降[36];由灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea引起的灰霉病是番茄生产中的毁灭性病害之一，可侵染果实、花、叶和茎等部位，严重时番茄减产60%以上，在储运过程中也会造成果实大量腐烂，带来巨大损失[78]。对植物真菌病害的防治，可采取栽种抗病品种、农业防治、化学防治和生物防治等多种手段[9]，但在实际生产中仍以化学防治为主。……