付瑞霞 王俊平 董立尧

摘要 ：为了比较4种助剂Silwet 806、红太阳A8、激健、安融乐对异丙隆防除菵草Beckmannia syzigachne的增效作用及机制，采用整株生物测定法测定4种助剂与异丙隆混用后对菵草的生物活性及对小麦的安全性;采用仪器分析法测定4种助剂对异丙隆药液的表面张力、叶面接触角、干燥时间和在叶面上的沉积量的影响。结果表明：添加4种助剂后异丙隆防除菵草的ED90分别降低为553.11、626.31、819.93、841.54 g/hm2，但异丙隆与Silwet 806混用后对小麦安全性下降。添加4种助剂后，异丙隆药液的表面张力和叶面接触角显著降低，药液在叶面上的干燥时间缩短，沉积量增加，其中红太阳A8的上述指标显著优于激健和安融乐，能够较好地实现异丙隆减量增效的目的。

关键词 ：杂草防除; 菵草; 异丙隆; 喷雾助剂; 增效机制

中图分类号：

S 451.221

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020068

Synergism of four adjuvants to isoproturon in controlling Beckmannia syzigachne

FU Ruixia， WANG Junping， DONG Liyao*

（College of Plant Protection， Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests， Ministry of Education， Nanjing Agricultural University， Nanjing 210095， China）

Abstract

To compare the synergism and mechanism of isoproturon mixed with four adjuvants （Silwet 806， Red sun A8， Jijian， Anngro） in controlling Beckmannia syzigachne， the bioactivity of isoproturon against B.syzigachne and wheat safety were determined by whole plant bioassay. The instrumental method was used to determine the influence of these mixed solutions on surface contact angle， drying time and deposition on leaf surface. The results showed that the ED90 values of isoproturon in controlling B.syzigachne were reduced to 553.11， 626.31， 819.93， 841.54 g/hm2，respectively， when four adjuvants added. But isoproturon mixed with Silwet 806 reduced the safety to wheat. The surface tension of the isoproturon solutions and the contact angle on the leaf surface after adding these adjuvants were significantly reduced and the drying time of the solution on the leaf surface was shortened， and the deposition amount of the solution on the leaf surface was significantly increased. The physical traits of Red sun A8 were significantly better than those of Jijian and Anngro， and therefore it can satisfy the purpose of decreasing dosage and increasing efficacy of isoproturon.

Key words

weed control; Beckmannia syzigachne; isoproturon; spray adjuvant; mechanism of synergism

化學除草具有经济、高效、省时、省工等特点，是目前农田杂草防除的重要手段[1]，但是在实际生产中常常存在除草剂喷洒不均匀、利用效率低、使用量大等问题[2]。除草剂长期大量使用不仅会造成抗性杂草的产生，而且对生态环境造成严重的危害，因此除草剂减量使用非常重要[3]。目前，实现减少除草剂用量的同时提高除草效果，最有效的有两种途径，一是研发新型的除草剂产品，二是在除草剂使用过程中增加喷雾助剂的使用，但研发新型除草剂产品周期长，成本高，且存在很大的风险，短期内无法实现[4]，使用喷雾助剂的方法，不仅可实施性强而且可以降低除草剂的使用成本[5]。……