闫蒙蒙 张蕾 程云霞 江幸福

摘要 ：为进一步探究黏虫的磁感应机制，明确磁场强度变化对黏虫相关基因表达的影响及相应的分子机制，本研究利用亥姆霍兹线圈装置产生近零磁场，使用Illumina技术，分别对近零磁场（小于500 nT）和地磁场（约54 000 nT）下饲养的黏虫雌蛾和雄蛾进行转录组测序分析。结果表明：相对于地磁场，近零磁场下雌、雄蛾分别鉴定出1 670和1 401个差异表达基因，其中雌蛾鉴定出614个上调基因，1 056个下调基因;雄蛾鉴定出545个上调基因，856个下调基因;雌、雄蛾共同差异表达基因274个。GO功能分析和pathway结果显示近零磁场胁迫与离子结合、催化和代谢等关键过程密切相关。对选取的10个差异基因进行荧光定量PCR验证，证明了转录组测序分析结果准确可靠。本试验为深入探究迁飞性昆虫的地磁定向机制提供了理论基础。

关键词 ：近零磁场; 地磁场; 黏虫; 转录组

中图分类号：

S 433.4

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020013

Transcriptome analysis of the oriental armyworm Mythimna separata in

a near-zero magnetic field

YAN Mengmeng， ZHANG Lei， CHENG Yunxia， JIANG Xingfu*

（State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests， Institute of Plant Protection， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100193， China）

Abstract

In order to further explore the mechanism of magnetoreception of Mythimna separata and clarify the effects of magnetic field changes on the expression of related genes， transcriptome analysis of M.separata in a near-zero magnetic field was carried out. In this study， Helmhortz coils were used to generate a near-zero magnetic field， and the Illumina technology was used to sequence the transcriptome of M.separata moths （female and male） raised in near-zero magnetic field （less than 500 nT） and normal geomagnetic field （about 54 000 nT）. The results showed that compared with geomagnetic field， 1 670 and 1 401 differentially expressed genes were identified in female and male adults under near-zero magnetic field， respectively， among which 614 up-regulated genes and 1 056 down-regulated genes were identified in female adults， and 545 up-regulated genes and 856 down-regulated genes were identified in male adults. There were 274 common differentially expressed genes in male and female adults. The gene ontology （GO） functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis results showed that near-zero magnetic field was related to key biological processes， such as ion binding， catalysis activity and metabolism process. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the transcriptome was accurate and reliable. Our study provided a theoretical fundament for further study of the mechanism of magnetoreception in migratory insects.

Key words

near-zero magnetic field; geomagnetic field; Mythimna separata; transcriptome

與温湿度、紫外线、CO2浓度一样，磁场同样是影响昆虫生存的非生物因素之一[1]，然而却极易被人们忽略。地磁场作为地球上最基本的物理因素，时刻影响着地球上生物的发育与进化[2]。地磁场强度从赤道的约30 μT向两极逐渐递增到约65 μT，且其强度随着时间和空间的变化而不断变化。许多动物如鱼类、鸟类、昆虫等动物可依赖地球磁场进行洄游及飞行定向[35]。磁场的极性、强度和倾角都可以帮助昆虫确定目的地的地理位置进而帮助昆虫保持恒定航向[6]。磁场变化不仅会影响昆虫的定向行为，还会对昆虫生长发育产生影响，如磁场强度降低会延长棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera和褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens生长发育历期，降低褐飞虱产卵量，影响其翅型分化等[78]。……