祝丽生

摘 要：在不同的历史阶段，由于经济社会发展水平的差异，乡村社会呈现出不同的治理结构，具有明显的时代特征。中国共产党执政以来，乡村治理的结构历经了社会主义革命和建设时期“政社合一”结构确立、改革开放初期“乡政村治”结构形成、改革新阶段乡村社会管理的新发展和新时代背景下乡村治理结构的共治走向。对中国共产党执政以来乡村治理发展历程进行梳理，我们不仅可以了解不同阶段乡村社会的治理特点，也可以从中吸取治理的经验和教训，对新时代乡村治理的发展具有重要的历史价值和现实指引。

关键词：中国共产党;乡村治理;结构变迁;新时代

中图分类号：D422.6    文献标识码：A    DOI：10.13411/j.cnki.sxsx.2021.02.021

A Study on the Changes of Rural Governance Structure Since the

Communist Party of China Came into Power

ZHU Li-sheng

（Party School of Shaoxing Municipal Committee of CPC， Shaoxing 312000， China）

Abstract：In different historical stages， due to the differences in the level of economic and social development， rural society presents different governance structures， with obvious characteristics of the times. Since the Communist Party of China came into power， the structure of rural governance has gone through the establishment of “the unity of government and society” structure in the period of socialist revolution and construction， the formation of “rural government and village governance” structure in the early stage of reform and opening up， the new development of rural social management in the new stage of reform and the trend of  CO-governance in the new era. By combing the development process of rural governance since the Communist Party of China came into power， we can not only understand the governance characteristics of rural society at different stages， but also learn from the experience and lessons of governance， providing important historical value and practical guidance for the development of rural governance in the new era.

Key words：CPC;  rural governance;  structural change;  new era

中国共产党执政以来，由于受到国内与国际形势的影响，新生的人民政权必须加强对社会的管控，以保证乡村的稳定。改革开放后，虽然乡村社会发生了巨大变化，村民自治作为基层民主政治建设的重要内容，有效地促进了乡村社会的和谐发展。但是，由于受到城乡二元结构的影响，政府仍然对农村实行较为严格的管理，乡村社会逐渐形成了自上而下的主体单一和模式僵化的管理方式。十八大以来，中国特色社会主义进入新时代，社会治理的理念实现了从“管理”到“治理”的转变，治理主体也实现了从单一向多元转变，逐渐形成了科学有效和系统完善的治理体系。

一、社会主义革命和建设时期（1949-1978）“政社合一”结构的确立

社会……