孟远 吴熠婷 姜美君 江佳琦 余国春 黄志坤 邵鹏程 张倩倩 刘建超

摘要 [目的]为水氮胁迫的合理选择提供理论依据。[方法]利用Meta分析（meta-analysis）的方法，系统分析了来自各个地区试验的水氮胁迫对小麦影响的相关论文（共71篇，有效数据65组），研究了不同施氮量、施氮次数、施氮时期对小麦产量和品质的影响。[结果]施氮能有效提高小麦产量改善品质，当施氮量达到250 kg/hm2时，小麦产量和籽粒蛋白质含量增长率为研究峰值，而施氮量继续增长时，小麦籽粒蛋白质含量增长率与产量增长率均呈下降趋势。与施氮量所造成的影响类似，施氮次数对于小麦产量和籽粒蛋白质含量增长率的作用也是先增后降。灌浆期追氮对小麦产量的促进作用较为明显，增长率达0.358%，氮肥后移对灌浆期籽粒增重作用明显，能保持灌浆后劲、延长灌浆过程。拔节期追氮处理有利于小麦在抽穗期和灌浆期较高叶面积指数的维持，利于小麦获得较高产量。[结论]施氮对我国小麦品质和产量具有显著促进作用，氮肥后移和分次施肥对小麦干物质积累有益，增产改善品质效果尤佳。

关键词 小麦;Meta分析;籽粒品质;产量;水氮脅迫

中图分类号 S512.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）09-0028-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.09.007

Abstract [Objective] To provide theoretical basis for the reasonable selection of water and nitrogen stress.[Methods] We systematically analyzed the seventy-one papers about the effects of water and nitrogen stress on wheat from different regions by meta-analysis， and researched the effects of nitrogen application， nitrogen fertilizer application times and nitrogen application stages on wheat yield and quality.[Results] Nitrogen application improved wheat yield and quality effectively. When nitrogen application was 250 kg/hm2， the growth rate of wheat yield and quality reached peak value. If nitrogen application continued to increase， the growth rate of wheat yield and quality showed a downward trend. Similar like the influence of nitrogen application， effects of nitrogen fertilizer application times on the growth rates of wheat yield and quality firstly increased， and then decreased. Nitrogen application at pustulation period had obvious promoting effect on wheat yield， the growth rate reached 0.358%. Nitrogen application at later stage had a marked effect at pustulation period on weight gain of wheat grain and it also prolonged the grouting process.Nitrogen application at jointing stage was helpful to the maintain of high leaf area index of wheat at heading and pustulation stages， and could obtain relatively high wheat yield.[Conclusions] Nitrogen application showed significant promotion effects on wheat quality and yield. Nitrogen application at later stage had positive effects on dry matter accumulation in wheat， and the yield increasing and quality improving effects were ideal.

Key words Wheat;Meta-analysis;Grain quality;Yield;Water and nitrogen stress

水氮胁迫在小麦作物生产中有着重要的影响，对小麦产量和品质起着不容忽视的作用。我国各地区水资源储备不同造就了各地区不同的用水类型，同时氮素在小麦生产过程中是不可缺少的，我国年施氮量全球占比达40%。……