精准扶贫视角下高校家庭经济困难学生认定预测机制探究
2021-06-20吕刚王雪梅新奎
吕刚 王雪 梅新奎



摘 要:近来,关于全面推进家庭经济困难学生认定工作精准资助为高校学生资助体系构建提供了一个崭新视角。如何更好的利用学生信息完成家庭经济困难精准认定工作是文章重点工作。文章以机器学习为基础,将学生信息库进行清洗,利用基于差分进化的特征选择为数据进行预处理,去除冗余特征,降低数据维度,以2个标准数据集与1个采集数据集对特征选择结果在2个分类器上进行有效性验证。以近2000名学生的信息为数据样本,通过K近邻分类预测算法预测学生家庭经济困难程度,验证了算法的可行性以及准确性。为大数据在高校教育中的应用提供了新的模式和方法。
关键词:精准资助;大数据;差分进化;特征选择;K近邻预测
中图分类号:G640 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2096-000X(2021)03-0076-05
Abstract: Recently, the comprehensive promotion of family financial difficulties students to identify the work of precision funding for colleges and universities has provided a new perspective for the construction of student funding system. How to make better use of student information to complete the accurate identification of family financial difficulties is the key work of this paper. Based on machine learning, the student information base is cleaned, and the feature selection based on differential evolution is used to preprocess the data to remove redundant features and reduce the data dimension. The validity of feature selection results on two classifiers is verified by two standard data sets and one acquisition data set. Based on the information of nearly 2000 students as data samples, the K nearest neighbor classification and prediction algorithm is used to predict the economic difficulties of students' families, and the feasibility and accuracy of the algorithm are verified. It provides a new model and method for the application of big data in college education.
Keywords: accurate funding; big data; differential evolution; feature selection; K neighbor prediction
一、研究背景和目的
2018年12月,教育部、財政部等六部门联合印发了《关于做好家庭经济困难学生认定工作的指导意见》(以下简称指导意见),其中特别指出,做好家庭经济困难认定工作,是贯彻党中央、国务院决策部署,全面推进精准资助,确保资助政策有效落实的迫切需要。[1]教育部部长陈宝生在《进一步加强学生资助工作》一文中提到:“我们要把思想和认识统一到党的十九大精神和习近平总书记重要指示上来,充分认识到学生资助工作是一项重要的长期工作,是2018年教育‘奋进之笔的一项重要内容,要清醒看到个别地方还存在不精准、不规范的问题”[2]。……
