假单胞菌在烟草病虫害防治中的应用
2021-06-17陈磊
陈磊
摘要 烟草病虫害防治工作是烟草行业工作中的重点与难点,目前主要采用农业防治、化学防治和生物防治。生物防治大致又可分为以虫治虫、以鸟治虫和以微生物治虫三大类。其中,以微生物治虫是生物防治中重要手段之一,包括用细菌治虫、用真菌治虫和用放线菌治虫。主要介绍了假单胞菌在烟草病毒性病害、真菌性病害、细菌性病害以及其他病害防治中的应用情况,并对今后生防菌在植物病害防治上的应用进行了展望。
关键词 假单胞菌;烟草病虫害;生防菌;防治;应用
中图分类号 S435.72 文献标识码 A
文章编号 0517-6611(2021)02-0005-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.02.002
开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
Application of Pseudomonas in Control of Tobacco Diseases and Insect Pests
CHEN Lei (Pengshui Branch of Chongqing Tobacco Company,Chongqing 409600)
Abstract Control of tobacco diseases and insect pests is the key and difficult point in the tobacco industry.At present,agricultural control,chemical control and biological control are mainly used in control of tobacco diseases and insect pests.The latter can be divided into three categories,i.e.insect control,bird control and microbiological control.Among them,microbiological control is one of the important means of biological control,including bacteria control,fungi control and actinomycetes control.In this paper,it mainly introduced the application of Pseudomonas in the prevention and control of tobacco viral diseases,fungal diseases,bacterial diseases and other diseases,and prospected the application of biocontrol bacteria in plant diseases and insect pests control in the future .
Key words Pseudomonas;Diseases and insect pests in tobacco;Biocontrol bacterium;Control;Application
烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)是茄科烟草属一年生或有限多年生草本植物,广泛分布于南美洲、南亚及中国。我国是当今世界第一大烟草生产国,烟叶产量约占世界总产量的30%[1]。烟草不仅是日常消费品香烟的重要原料,同时也是医疗工业中常用的原料之一,如常被制成麻醉剂、镇静剂、发汗剂和催吐剂等[2]。作为我国的重要经济作物,烟草仅因病虫害造成的产量损失就占年总量的10%~15%[3]。据报道,在我国对烟草造成危害的害虫有烟蚜、烟青虫、斑须蝽和斜纹夜蛾等200多种[4]。烟草侵染病害约有70余种,主要病害有病毒病、黑胫病、赤星病、炭疽病、青枯病和根结线虫病等[5]。目前,烟草病虫害防治主要采用农业防治、化学防治和生物防治。化学防治因其高效、简便的特点,仍然是农业生产上的主要措施之一,但长期大量的使用化学农药让环境污染问题日趋严峻[6-7]。……
