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宋蒙战争与易代之际宋诗的诗史书写

2021-06-15尚丽姝

摘要:宋蒙战争是一场关乎南宋最终命运走向的战争,宋末诗家心系时局,以诗为史,反映战事进展。局部战争时期,李曾伯、魏了翁等人在诗中表达对川蜀局势的关切。蒙古分三路正式进攻南宋后,王同祖在金陵幕中以诗专记战时应对之策与襄樊、江淮战事,补充了正史之外的细节。钓鱼城大捷后,刘克庄等人除以诗相庆外,还对战局的走向充满忧思。至襄樊战败,诗家对贾似道误国一事进行了激烈谴责,并痛心宋廷无人堪用、无计可施的可悲现实。至全面决战、临安陷落前后,宋人面对家国遽变,其诗作又有多重心态的呈现。

关键词:宋蒙战争;宋末诗歌;诗史;战争诗歌

中图分类号:F106文献标识码:A文章编号:

1672-1101(2021)01-0065-09

作者简介:尚丽姝(1992-),女,山东肥城人,在读博士研究生,研究方向:宋代文学。

Abstract:TheSong-MongolianwarisawarrelatedtothefinalfateoftheSouthernSongDynasty.PoetsinthelateSongDynastywereconcernedaboutthecurrentsituationandtookpoetryasahistorytoreflecttheprogressofthewar.Duringthelocalwar,LizengboandWeiliaowengexpressedtheirconcernaboutthesituationofSichuanintheirpoems.AfterMongoliaformallyattackedtheSouthernSongDynastybythreeroutes,WangTongzuwrotepoemsinJinlingtorecordthewartimecountermeasuresandthebattlesbetweenXiangfanandJianghuai,whichaddeddetailsbeyondtheofficialhistory.AfterthegreatvictoryofDiaoyuCity,LiuKezhuangandotherpoetswerealsofullofworriesaboutthedirectionofthewar.WhenXiangfanfalledinthewar,thepoetsstronglycondemnedJiaSidao'slossofhiscountryandlamentedthesadrealitythattheSongDynastyhadnoonetouseandnothingtodoaboutit.Beforeandaftertheall-rounddecisivebattleandthefallofLin'an,thepoetsofSongDynastyfacedwiththesuddenchangeoftheirhomeandcountry,andtheirpoemsshowedmultiplementality.

Keywords:song-mongolianwar;poetryattheendofSongDynasty;poetryhistory;warpoetry

宋蒙戰争是一场以南宋理宗端平元年(1234)端平入洛之役为开端,以少帝祥兴二年(1279)崖山海战为结束,前后持续大约45年的战争。史学界对于宋蒙战争的分期,大致有“四分法”“六分法”[1]两种。本文认为四分法似更可取,即:前期(1234-1251),以理宗端平元年的端平入洛之役为开端,宋蒙之间围绕川蜀、荆襄、江淮三大战场展开攻防;中期(1252-1259),蒙哥南征,四川全境受敌,宋军以钓鱼城之役的胜利暂时稳定住了局面;后期(1260-1273),忽必烈即位后对宋作战战略调整,战争性质由民族战争演变为王朝更迭之战,宋失襄樊,防御体系遭受严重破坏;末期(1274-1279),蒙元对宋发动全面决战,文天祥起兵勤王失败,南宋灭亡。

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