石德智　李莉　袁荣焕

摘  要：基于蛋壳废物处理与资源化及环境功能材料开发的前沿方向，在本科固体废物处理综合实验中设置探索性实验。以鸡蛋壳废料为钙源，系统地设计了分别采用四种水热法合成蛋壳衍生羟基磷灰石（eggshell-derived HAP）的实验，比较分析受工艺类型、参数变化等影响下HAP的晶体性能差异，并通过系统设计吸附实验中的影响因素及其数据的动力学模型、等温吸附模型模拟，开展合成的HAP对重金属离子吸附性能和机理进行初步探究。详细分析了实验原理和工艺环节，给出了具体实验设计，并阐述了“课前预习准备-课上实验操作-课后探究分析”三个环节中的具体要求，以及各个环节对于促进学生掌握“工程知识”、提升“实践动手”水平、提高“分析问题”与“解决问题”能力的具体贡献。

关键词：蛋壳衍生羟基磷灰石;水热合成;探究性实验;实验教学设计

中图分类号：G642       文献标志码：A         文章編号：2096-000X（2021）13-0075-05

Abstract： Based on the forward direction of research on the disposal or resource reuse of eggshell waste and the production of environmental functional materials， the exploratory experiment is set up in the course of solid waste treatment comprehensive experiment for undergraduate student. Chicken eggshell waste was used as calcium source， four methods were designed for hydrothermal synthesis of eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite （eggshell-derived HAP）， with the aim of comparative studying the characteristics of HAP crystal affected by different type of synthesis process and levels of parameters. Furthermore， the adsorption mechanism of heavy metal irons by synthesized HAPs were explored， according to the application of batch adsorption experiments and the simulation of experimental data with kinetic models and isotherm models. The working principle and process are analyzed in detail， the specific experimental design are presented. The requirement in the three steps of preview before class， operation in class， and exploration after class， and correspondingly the contribution to the promotion of knowledge level， practical ability， and analyzing ability， and problem-solving ability.

Keywords： eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite; hydrothermal synthesis; experimental teaching design

在加强实践教学环节以培养学生动手能力与创新思维能力的背景下，如何发挥研究型高校的科研优势、提升实验课程的教学效果，是新工科教育面临的新课题。重庆大学是国内环境工程领域较早开展固体废物处理与污染控制工程设计及科学研究的高等院校之一，固体废物污染控制与资源化实验也是本科高年级环境工程综合实验必修课中的三个核心板块之一[1]。固体废物处理综合实验课程涉及环境工程原理、环境监测、环境微生物学、环境化学等相关课程基础知识和基本操作技能，在单科课程单一课加实验的基础之上教给学生系统性的环境研究与操作方法，从而大大促进学生综合素质的提升[2]。……