论《战国策》对比兴文学创作传统的继承与发展
2021-06-15夏芳莉
摘 要:《战国策》以谋臣策士与君王的语言活动为主要内容,在谋臣策士的辞令语言中,常有以女性自比或以女性相类的人物做比喻,达到表述观点、传递情感、揭示真相、建言献策的作用。文章列举了《战国策》作品中谋臣策士用以自比的女性形象的类型,分析了自比形象共有的特征。通过与屈原香草美人文学创作传统做异同比较,试图阐述香草美人传统对文学的综合影响,进而得出《战国策》自比女性的创作方式是对比兴手法的继承,并随着时代的变化而有所发展的结论。
关键词:《战国策》;香草美人;比兴;传承
中图分类号:I222 文献标识码:A 文章编号:
1672-1101(2021)02-0075-06
收稿日期:2020-06-11
基金项目:安徽高校人文社会科学重点研究项目(SK2019A0988);安徽高校省级质量工程项目(2016jyxm0122);安徽高校省级教研重点项目(2017jyxm0788)
作者简介:夏芳莉(1982- ),女,安徽安庆人,讲师,硕士,研究方向:文学。
A Study on the Inheritance and Development of Metaphor and Analogy Tradition in Stratagems of the Warring States
XIA Fangli
(Department of General Courses, Anhui Business and Technology College, Hefei 231131, China)
Abstract: Stratagems of the Warring States focuses on the language activities of counselors and Kings. In the rhetoric language of counselors, there are often female comparisons or female-like figures as metaphors to express opinions, convey emotions, reveal the truthand make suggestions. This paper enumerates the types of female images used by political strategistsin Stratagems of the Warring States, and analyzes the common characteristics of these images. By comparing with Quyuan's literary creation of "vanilla beauty", this paper tries to expatiate on the comprehensive in fluence of the tradition of "vanilla beauty" on literature, and then draws the conclusion that the creative way of self-comparing women in Stratagems of the Warring States is the inheritance of the technique of metaphor and analogy, and has developed with the change of times.
Key words:Stratagems of the Warring States; vanilla beauty; metaphor and analogy; inherit
比興是文学创作中重要的艺术表现手法,关于比兴的研究成果较丰富,主要是结合古人对比兴的理解阐述比兴内涵,或是探讨比兴作为创作表现方法对诗、词、赋、散文、小说、绘画等文艺创作的影响意义,或是揭示比兴的基本特性,分析比兴与形象思维的关系。但选取先秦散文为比兴承继研究对象的文献不多,着眼于以女性为喻体的自比,分析文本与香草美人传统之间关系的作品尚不多见。《战国策》无论是谏辞,还是外交辞令,都经过了精心的构想,具有严密的逻辑结构,语言效果极强。在诸多篇目中,谋臣策士仔细地揣摩沟通对象的心理特征,常以女性自比或以女性相类的人物做比喻,且多以坚贞、聪慧、楚楚可怜的形象作比,进而实现沟通目的。……
