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企业专利许可行为与动机研究

2021-05-26王珊珊孟文通

科技与管理 2021年2期
关键词:企业

王珊珊 孟文通

摘 要:专利许可作为企业在国际市场上的重要专利运营活动,往往出于非常复杂的许可动机,并且不同动机下的专利许可行为策略也存在较大差异。通过对不同类型许可行为的案例对比分析,从3个维度划分专利许可行为类型,包括按照授权范围划分的普通许可、排他许可和独占许可;按照许可方向划分的单向许可和双向交叉许可;按照许可专利数量划分的单一专利许可和专利打包许可;总结不同类型许可行为的特点和适用性,进而凝练专利许可的技术动机、市场动机和政策性动机,提出企业基于不同动机的专利许可行为策略,为我国企业更好地开展专利许可活动提供方法与策略支持。

关 键 词:专利许可;许可行为;许可动机

DOI:10.16315/j.stm.2021.02.002

中图分类号: C939

文献标志码: A

Research on patent licensing behaviors and motivations of firms

WANG Shan-shan, MENG Wen-tong

(School of Economics and Management, Harbin University of Science and

Technology, Harbin 150080, China)

Abstract:Patent licensing, as an important patent operation activity of enterprises in the international market, is often motivated by very complex licensing motives, and there are large differences in patent licensing behavior strategies under different motives. Through the comparative analysis of different types of licensing behaviors, this article divides the types of patent licensing behaviors from three dimensions, including ordinary licenses, exclusive licenses and exclusive licenses according to the scope of authorization, and one-way licenses and two-way cross-licensing according to the license direction, as well as single patent license and patent package license divided by the number of licensed patents. Then it summarizes the characteristics and applicability of different types of license behaviors, and the motivations for patent license including technical motivation, market motivation, and policy motivation. In addition, it proposes patent licensing behavior strategies based on different motivations, which may provide methods and strategic support for Chinese enterprises to better carry out patent licensing activities.

Keywords:patent licensing; licensing behavior; licensing motivation

收稿日期: 2021-02-05

基金項目: 国家自然科学基金项目(71673069);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2020G006)。

作者简介: 王珊珊(1980—),女,教授,博士,博士生导师;

孟文通(1993—),男,硕士研究生.

随着全球专利竞争日趋激烈以及产业专利密集和技术交叉现象越来越普遍,以许可为主要方式的企业专利运用与技术获取和扩散活动越来越频繁。企业的专利对外许可能力反映出其行业影响力、技术扩散力和商业价值创造力。企业在进行专利许可时,往往出于不同的许可目并采取不同的许可方式。大多数企业的专利许可以获取利润为目的,如高通将产品与专利捆绑,手机厂商在采用高通芯片的同时……

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