马晶梅 赵文婧

摘 要：当前，我国高技术产业面临整体竞争力偏低、关键技术缺失的困境。继续扩大技术投入，提高创新绩效是实现高技术企业向创新驱动型发展的必要途径。采用1995—2016年高技術产业17个细分行业数据，考察自主研发、技术改造2种不同技术投入模式对创新绩效的影响。研究发现：自主研发投入规模增长十分迅速，对创新绩效起到显著的促进作用。技术改造增长相对缓慢，对创新绩效的提升效果不显著;同时投入自主研发与技术改造对提升企业创新绩效的作用明显大于单纯依靠自主研发投入;在各行业中，自主研发对航空航天器及设备制造业创新绩效提升作用最大，对电子及通信设备制造业作用最小;电子及通信设备制造业技术改造投入效果显著，其他行业技术改造投放效果不显著。

关 键 词：高技术企业;创新绩效;自主研发;技术改造

DOI：10.16315/j.stm.2021.02.001

中图分类号： F237.1

文献标志码： A

Research on R&D investment， technological transformation and

innovation performance of high-tech enterprises in China

MA Jing-mei， ZHAO Wen-jing

（School of Economics and Management ，Harbin University of Science and Technology， Harbin 150080， China）

Abstract：At present， Chinas high-tech industry is faced with the plight of low overall competitiveness and lack of key technologies.Continuing to expand technology investment and improving innovation performance are the necessary ways to realize the innovation-driven development of high-tech enterprises.Based on the data of 17 high-tech industry segments from 1995 to 2016， this paper examines the impact of independent R&D and technological transformation on innovation performance under two different technology investment modes.The results show that： the investment scale of independent research and development increases rapidly， which has a significant promoting effect on innovation performance; The growth of technological transformation is relatively slow， and the improvement effect on innovation performance is not significant. The effect of both independent R&D and technological transformation on the improvement of enterprise innovation performance is significantly greater than that of independent R&D investment alone. Among all industries， independent research and development has the largest effect on improving innovation performance of aerospace， spacecraft and equipment manufacturing industry;It has the least effect on the manufacturing of electronic and communication equipment.In addition， the electronic and communication equipment manufacturing industry technical transformation input effect is significant， other industries technical transformation input effect is not significant.

Keywords：high-tech enterprises; innovation performance; R&D; technology renovation

收稿日期： 2020-12-27

基金项目： 国家自然科学基金项目（71972063）;国家自然科学基金项目（71672051）。

作者简介： 马晶梅（1974—），女，教授，博士，博士生导师;

赵文婧（1994—），女，硕士研究生.

改革开放初期，我国主要通过扩大生产要素投入规模促进国内经济增长。然而，随着工业化进程不断深入，资源瓶颈制约加剧，加上人口红利逐渐削弱，传统的粗放式经济发展方式弊端日益凸显;因此，我国经济增长模式由要素驱动向创新驱动转型刻不容缓。我国高技术产业国内外创新环境并不乐观：一方面，我国高技术产业面临国内整体竞争力较低、创新能力较弱的困境;另一方面，中美贸易摩擦僵局短期内难以得到缓解，高技术产业链稳定发展的外部环境明显恶化。……