陈文忠

关键词：《关雎》;接受史;“《诗》作经读”;“《诗》作诗读”;审美之圆

摘 要：作为“诗三百”的开篇之作，《关雎》堪称华夏诗国的“第一情歌”。孔子作为《关雎》的第一读者，以整体性视野，从审美与教化双重角度，奠定了《关雎》三千年接受史基调。汉代儒生“《诗》作经读”，优美的婚恋情歌成了严肃的伦理教材。从两汉“《诗》作经读”，经魏晋“文的自觉”，到两宋以及明清强调“《诗》作诗读”，《关雎》逐渐恢复原初的情诗面貌。现代接受者从纯文学观念出发，一致把《关雎》视为男欢女悦的情歌。纵观《关雎》三千年接受史，这是一部由“《诗》作经读”到“《诗》作诗读”，亦诗亦经、亦经亦诗，审美与教化双线演化的历史，也是一部中国人诗评观念和审美意识的嬗变史。从阐释学看，诗与诗的阐释都是传统的构成部分。今天，当人们超越了伦理主义与审美主义二元对立的思维模式，以同情的理解看待诗教传统，完整认识《关雎》以及《诗经》在历史上“诗”与“经”的双重身份和双重影响，又引起了当代接受者的新思考。由此，从孔子到今天，《关雎》三千年接受史形成一个审美之圆。

中图分类号：I207.222 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1001-2435（2021）02-0001-18

The Aesthetic Journey of the First Love Song in China—The Poetic Enlightenment of the Acceptance History of Guan Ju

CHEN Wen-zhong（Research Center of Chinese Poetics，Anhui Normal University，Wuhu Anhui 241000，China）

Key words：Guan Ju; acceptance history; reading The Book of Songs as scripture; reading The Book of Songs as poem; the circle of aesthetics

Abstract：As the first work of The Book of Songs，Guan Ju can be regarded as “the first love song” of Chinese Nation. As the first reader of Guan Ju，Confucius established the basic tone of the acceptance history of Guan Ju from the perspective of aesthetics and enlightenment. Through reading The Book of Songs as scripture by Han Confucianism，these beautiful love songs became a serious ethical textbook. From reading The Book of Songs as scripture to self-conscious of literature and reading The Book of Songs as poem in the Song，Ming and Qing dynasties，Guan Ju gradually restored its original appearance of love poems. The acceptance history of Guan Ju is a history from “reading The Book of Songs as scripture” to “reading The Book of Songs as poem”，which is the evolution of aesthetics and enlightenment. As well as the evolution of Chinese poetic review concept and aesthetic consciousness. From the perspective of hermeneutics，poetry and its interpretation are both traditional components. Nowadays，when people transcend the dualistic thinking modes of ethics and aestheticism，and treat traditional poetry with a sympathetic understanding to fully understand the dual identities of Guan Ju and The Book of Songs in the history of “poetry” and “scripture”，the double influence has caused new thinking among contemporary recipients again.Therefore，from Confucius to nowadays，the 3000 years acceptance history of Guan Ju has formed an aesthetic circle.

引 言

“問世间，情是何物？”天南地北双飞雁，且以“生死相许”，何况万物之灵、天地之心的人类？爱是永恒的主题，情是不老的神话！

关关雎鸠，在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑。

参差荇菜，左右流之。窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。

求之不得，寤寐思服。优哉游哉，辗转反侧。

参差荇菜，左右采之。窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。

参差荇菜，左右芼之。……