陶文鹏

关键词：辛弃疾;山水词;活水;屈原;苏轼

摘 要：辛弃疾的写水词内涵丰富深厚，抒发出他对祖国河山的热爱，寄寓着他感悟到的人生哲理。他灵活运用多种艺术手法描绘各类水的形态，妙画有生命力的活水，表现水的光色、声响、凉冷乃至香味，尤其善于展开浪漫的幻觉想象，创造神奇飞动、雄伟壮丽或清冷幽静的意象和境界。辛弃疾山水词主要学习和取法屈原辞赋和苏轼诗词。辛弃疾的文学天才与辛勤创作，使其山水词在中国古代山水词史上成就最高。

中图分类号：I206.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1001-2435（2021）02-0019-06

Ingenious Depiction of Living Water，Comprehensive Inclusion of Waters Changes—On Xin Qijis Water Poems

TAO Wen-peng （Institute of Literature，Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Beijing 100732，China）

Key words：Xin Qiji;landscape poem;fresh water;Qu Yuan;Su Shi

Abstract：Xin Qijis water-writing poems are rich and profound in connotation，expressing his love for the motherland and his philosophy of life. He flexibly uses a variety of artistic techniques to depict various forms of water. He skillfully paints the living water with vitality to express the light，color，sound，cool and even fragrance of water. He is especially good at developing the romantic illusion and imagination to create the artistic conception and realm of magic flying，grand and magnificent or cold and quiet. Xin Qiji mainly learned from Qu Yuans and Su Shis poems. Xin Qijis literary genius and hard work make his landscape poems the highest achievement in the history of ancient Chinese landscape poems.

在辛稼軒词集中，其山水词深受历代广大读者喜爱。这位爱国英雄词人在山水词中描绘雄奇或秀丽的山水风光，表达他对大自然和祖国锦绣河山的热爱，彰显出他“有心雄泰华，无意巧玲珑”（《临江仙·戏为山园苍壁解嘲》）1的审美意趣，更借山水意象和境界寄托他抗金复土的壮志与请缨无路的悲愤。稼轩山水词具有丰富深邃的情思意蕴与超凡脱俗的艺术成就。在已问世的宋代文学史、唐宋词史以及辛弃疾研究专著中，都对稼轩山水词有所论述。从上世纪八十年代迄今，已发表对稼轩山水词的研究论文有20多篇。2008年，笔者曾与路成文教授合撰一篇专论稼轩词写山艺术的文章。2笔者感到已有的论著，主要是研究稼轩写山，而对其写水关注不够，迄今未有一篇专门探讨稼轩写水词的文章。与形态高耸屹立不动的山相比，水往往是流动不居，少常形而多变化，要描写出水的动态与生命活力并非易事。……