任继伟　顾海明

摘 要：常见的客车座椅安全带样式一般为两点式和三点式两种。本文以正在施行的GB13057-2014的大量数据为基础，对采用两种安全带样式的客车座椅在发生碰撞时对乘员头部的伤害规律进行研究并得出以下结论：1，采用三点式安全带的客车在碰撞中乘员头部与前椅发生接触的概率比两点式的低。2，当采用两种不同安全带约束的乘员在碰撞中头部均与前椅接触时，采用三点式安全带约束的乘员头部伤害值的平均值比两点式的低。并通过一系列试验总结两种安全带的特点，为厂家的设计研发提供参考依据，减低研发成本，提高设计效率。

关键词：客车座椅 安全带样式 碰撞 头部伤害

Influence of seat belt style on head injury of passenger in collision

Ren Jiwei Gu Haiming

Abstract：Common passenger car seat belt styles are generally two point type and three point type. Based on a large amount of data of GB13057-2014 being implemented， this paper studies the injury law of dummies' heads in the collision of bus seats with two types of seat belts and reaches the following conclusions： 1. The probability of dummies' heads contacting the front chair in the collision of buses with three-point seat belts is lower than that with two-point belts.2. When the heads of the dummies with two different seat belt constraints are in contact with the front chair in the collision， the average head injury value of the dummies with the three-point seat belt constraint is lower than the two-point one. Through a series of experiments， the characteristics of the two safety belts are summarized to provide reference basis for manufacturers' design and development， reduce r&d cost and improve design efficiency.

Key words：bus seat， safety belt style， collision， head injury

1 引言

客车是日常生活中重要的交通工具之一，其安全性一直備受关注。近年以来，伴随着客车应用越来越普及，以及日益复杂的交通环境，客车的交通事故一直呈上升的趋势，连年递增的伤亡数字更是触目惊心。2017年8月10日，陕西安康境内京昆高速公路秦岭1号隧道，发生一起大客车碰撞隧道口的交通事故，当该车行驶至秦岭1号隧道南口1164公里867米处时，正面冲撞隧道洞口端墙，导致车辆前部严重损毁变形、座椅脱落挤压造成36人死亡13人受伤，直接经济损失3533余万元。2019年9月28日上午，G25长深高速发生一起特别重大交通事故，—辆由南向北行驶大客车（核载69人，实载69人）在行至该路段时，冲破道路中央隔离带驶入对向车道，与一辆由北向南行驶的的半挂货车（货车上有3人）相撞。……