徐哲　娄磊　高冠宇　王旭

摘 要：针对自动紧急制动系统（AEB）导致乘员在碰撞前出现身体前倾和离位的现象，提出了使用可逆预紧安全带可以改善该现象，并且研究了在AEB和可逆预紧的联合作用下对不同坐姿乘员的保护效果。建立了某车型驾驶员侧包括正常坐姿和四种离位坐姿的约束系统仿真模型，并进行了验证。以五种坐姿乘员为研究对象，分别对比无AEB无可逆预紧，有AEB无可逆预紧，以及有AEB有可逆预紧三种情况下乘员的位移和损伤。结果表明：在只有AEB的作用下，碰撞发生后会增加乘员的离位，当初始坐姿为离位状态时更加严重，导致局部损伤增加，尤其是胸部损伤。在AEB和可逆预紧的联合作用下，各种坐姿下由AEB导致的离位得到改善，对于前移直立坐姿OOP02和左倾坐姿OOP03还能起到纠正初始离位的作用，各部位损伤指标和损伤风险也明显降低。

关键词：自动紧急制动 离位 可逆预紧式安全带 损伤风险

Occupant Protection Performance Affected by the Combination of Autonomous Emergency Braking and Reversible Pretension Seatbelt

Xu zhe Lou lei Gao guanyu Wang xu

Abstract：Aimed at the effectiveness of improving occupants out-of-position （OOP） seat posture aggravated by autonomous emergency braking （AEB） by the way of reversible pretension seatbelt， and study the effect of the combination of AEB and reversible pretension seatbelt on different position occupant protection. A simulation model of driver-side restraint systems from certain sedan is developed， include the normal and OOP occupant，and the model is validated. For five sitting position， there are three kinds of situations， no AEB no reversible pretension seatbelt， with AEB no reversible pretension seatbelt， and with AEB and reversible pretension seatbelt， and compared with the displacement and injury of occupant of the three situations. The result has shown that only under the action of AEB， after the collision， it will increase the forward displacement of occupant， especially when the initial sitting position is OOP， which leads to the increase of the local damage， especially the thoracic injury. Under combination of AEB and reversible pretension seatbelt， the forward displacement was improved caused by the AEB， for OOP02and OOP03， it can also play a role in correcting the initial position， and occupant damage and risk of injury are significantly reduced.

Key words：autonomous emergency braking， out-of-position， reversible pretension seatbelt， injury risk

1 前言

隨着汽车安全性要求的日益提高，预防和避免碰撞发生的理念越来越重要，自动紧急制动系统（AEB）是重要的主动安全技术之一，也是预碰撞阶段提高安全性的重要技术。该系统在检测到车辆前方出现潜在危险时，会通过声音或图像等方式向驾驶员发出警告，提醒驾驶员采取相应的措施规避碰撞。如果驾驶员没有及时对警告信号做出正确反应，碰撞危险变得十分紧急时，系统会通过自动制动来规避碰撞或减轻碰撞程度[1]。欧盟委员会EC已要求从2013年开始，商用车必须安装AEB系统。……