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布里渊光时域反射仪定位OPGW雷击的方法

2021-02-28朱剑锋梁韶华梁小萍

现代信息科技 2021年16期

朱剑锋 梁韶华 梁小萍

摘  要:文章介绍了分布式布里渊光时域反射仪(BOTDR)的原理和结构,用于检测雷击光纤复合架空地线(OPGW)时产生的温升变化和获取OPGW断股导致的应力变化。利用高压输电线的双OPGW结构来消除外界环境产生的共模干扰和解决布里渊频移存在的交叉敏感,提高了OPGW雷击定位的可靠性。通过模拟试验,验证了BOTDR能检测雷击OPGW时产生的同等光纤温升变化,为OPGW雷击定位研究提供参考。

关键词:光纤复合架空地线;应变;温升;交叉敏感

中图分类号:TM863               文献标识码:A文章编号:2096-4706(2021)16-0059-04

Method on Location of Lightning Stroke on OPGW by Means of a Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometer

ZHU Jianfeng, LIANG Shaohua, LIANG Xiaoping

(Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou  535011, China)

Abstract: The paper introduces the principle and structure of the distributed Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer (BOTDR), which is used to detect the temperature rise changes and obtain the stress changes caused by broken strands on optical fiber composite overhead ground wire (OPGW) when the OPGW is struck by lightning. The dual OPGW structureof the high-voltage transmission line is used to eliminate the common mode interference generated by the external environment and solve the cross sensitivity of Brillouin frequency shift, which improves the reliability of lightning stroke positioning on OPGW. By simulation experiments, it is verified that BOTDR can detect the same optical fiber temperature rise changes when the OPGW is struck by lightning, which provides a reference for study on location of lightning stroke on OPGW.

Keywords: optical fiber composite overhead ground wire; strain; temperature rise; cross-sensitivity

0  引  言

OPGW是一种集架空地线和通信光纤于一身的特种光缆,广泛应用于高压输电线,兼具地线和通信双重功能[1]。OPGW通常架设在输电线路最高处,容易遭遇雷击、风害等自然因素影响,从而引发OPGW断线或断股事故。雷击OPGW时产生的剧烈物理现象,可能导致OPGW发生断股而成为电力通信系统正常运行的隐患[2]。监测并确认OPGW遭受雷击的位置,及时发现OPGW断股隐患,对提高电网的安全可靠性具有重要意义。

1  分布式布里淵光时域反射仪

布里渊光时域反射仪(Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometer,BOTDR)的基本原理是:光纤内部介质连续的弹性力学振动导致介质密度随空间和时间周期变化,介质的折射率被周期性调制并以声速传播,产生类似光栅的作用。当光波入射到光纤中时受到声场光栅作用而产生与声速相关的频移,频移ΔvB随光纤温度和应变的变化量近似成线性变化[3],表示为:

ΔvB=Cv,TΔT+Cv,εΔε                     (1)

其中,Cv,T和Cv,ε分别为布里渊频移变化的温度系数和应变系数。……

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