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教练员领导行为对运动员自我决定动机的影响:一个有调节的中介作用

2021-02-24李清清

山东体育科技 2021年6期

摘 要:为探讨运动员感知的教练员领导行为(以下简称“教练员领导行为”)对自我决定动机的影响作用,以及自我效能感与核心自我评价在其中可能起到的中介与调节效应,采用运动领导行为量表、运动行为调节问卷、运动员自我效能感量表以及核心自我评价量表对411名现役运动员进行调查。结果表明:1)教练员民主行为、专制行为、社会支持行为、奖励行为均与自我决定动机呈显著相关;2)自我效能感分别在教练员民主行为、专制行为、社会支持行为与自我决定动机之间起到完全或部分中介作用;3)核心自我评价在以教练员专制行为和社会支持行为为自变量的中介模型中起调节作用。

关键词:自我决定动机;教练员领导行为;自我效能感;核心自我评价

中图分类号:804.87  文献标识码:A  文章编号:1009-9840(2021)06-0036-08

Effect of coaches' leadership behavior on athletes' self-determination motivation: A moderating mediator

LI Qingqing

(Jiangsu Research Institute of Sport Science, Nanjing 210033, Jiangsu, China)

Abstract:The main purpose of this research was to explore the influence of athletes’ perceived coach leadership behaviors (hereinafter referred to as ‘coach leadership behaviors’) on self-determined motivation. Meanwhile, the hypothesized mediation effects of self-efficacy, and the proposed moderation effects of core self-evaluation were examined. 411 Chinese active athletes were recruited to complete the Leadership Scale for Sport (LSS), including Behaovior Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ), Athletes’ Self-efficacy Scale (ASS) and Core Self-evaluation Scale (CSS). The results showed that 1) The democratic behavior, autocratic behavior, social support behavior, and reward behavior of coaches positively predict athletes’ self-determined motivation. 2) Self-efficacy plays a completely or partially mediating role between democratic behavior, autocratic behavior, social support behavior and self-determined motivation respectively. 3) Core self-evaluation plays a moderating role in the mediation model with autocratic behavior and social support behavior as independent variables.

Key words:self-determined motivation; coaches’ leadership behavior; self-efficacy; core self-evaluation

收稿日期:2021-05-09

作者簡介:李清清(1994- ),女,江苏南通人,硕士,研究实习员,研究方向运动心理学。

运动动机是直接推动运动员从事体育运动的动力,不仅帮助深入理解运动员努力训练或退出训练的行为,而且有助于激发和鼓励运动员认真训练或继续训练[1]。多年来,研究者们对动机进行深入探讨,形成了各种不同的理论,其中自我决定理论一直备受学术界与实践界的关注[2]。教练员领导行为作为影响运动员运动动机的一个重要因素,相关研究在国内外也得到一定的讨论和研究[3-4],但是对基于自我决定理论的自我决定动机的影响研究仍相对缺乏。鉴于中国集体主义与西方个人主义文化背景的差异,中国运动员的自我决定动机及其影响因素与西方运动员相比可能存在不同。……

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