马建坤 冯昭 邹仁健 彭浩南 徐静

摘  要：随着现代化工业以及城市发展步伐的不断加快，海洋生态环境保护意识的缺乏以及人为干扰等问题，产生了一些对红树林湿地的面积及生态环境的影响，如水体富营养化的破坏。本文采用酸催化法、碱催化法和BF3催化法进行甲酯化方法筛选，选取最优甲酯化法对海南红树林湿地保护公园（海南澄迈）内8个采样地点的水体样品的有机溶剂提取物进行甲酯化衍生预处理，采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术选择离子的检测方法进行分离鉴定和归一法分析，并用碳数组成参数和分布特征探索园区内水体油状污染物来源，提出改善园区内水体改善的合理建议，为红树林湿地生态环境保护提供科学依据。结果表明：海南红树林湿地保护公园内水体油状污染物主要成分为烷烃（占比超过70%），其中正构烷烃呈现出以低碳数为主的分布特征，碳数分布范围在C10～C33，其主峰为nC17且L/H分布范围为1.51～2.19，发现水体污染源主要来自浮游生物和藻类输入。

关键词：红树林;油状污染物;甲酯化;气相色谱-质谱联用;浮游生物和藻类

中图分类号：S718.5      文献标识码：A

Abstract： This study was conducted to investigate the chemical compositions of the oil pollutants in mangrove wetland park （Chengmai， Hainan Province） in order to protect mangrove ecological environment. The lard was methyl-esterified by acid catalyst， alkali catalyst and BF3 catalyst. The optimal methyl esterification method was used to pretreat the oil pollutants on the water surface collected from eight sampling sites in wetland parks. Their compositions were studied by gas chromatography-mass （GC-MS）. The relative content was quantified by the peak area normalization method. Our results demonstrated that the main components of oil pollutants were hydrocarbons （over 70%）， in which n-alkanes were the dominant， and the carbon number distribution range was C10～C33. The normal paraffin distribution was a low-carbon chain mainly composed of nC17 and L/H range was 1.51～2.19， which indicatingthe pollution sources were mainly derived from plankton and algae input.

Keywords： mangrove; oil pollutants; esterification; GC-MS; plankton and algae

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.01.039

红树林（mangrove）是生长于热带、亚热带海岸和河口潮间带的木本植物群落[1]，对维持沿海城市生态安全、防风御浪、调节气候和维护生物多样性等具有显著作用，常被称为“海岸卫士”[2]，具有重要的经济、社会和生态价值[3]。但随着现代化工业以及城市发展步伐的不断加快，海洋生态环……