辣木籽渣组分蛋白的理化与功能性质研究
2021-02-22黄志连付开举彭芍丹黄晓兵李如一曹玉坡周伟李积华
黄志连 付开举 彭芍丹 黄晓兵 李如一 曹玉坡 周伟 李积华



摘 要:辣木籽渣是辣木籽提取油之后的副产物,为了提高其综合利用价值,本文以辣木籽渣为原料,通过奥斯本(Osborne)四步法提取清蛋白、球蛋白、谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白,分析比较了4种组分蛋白的理化性质及功能特性。结果表明:清蛋白、球蛋白、谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白的提取率分别为10.34%、0.69%、3.40%和3.65%,纯度均在82%以上,清蛋白、球蛋白、谷蛋白的分子量均较低(5~25 kDa),且清蛋白的蛋白条带浓度最高。此外,清蛋白的溶解性、乳化性、乳化稳定性及起泡性均为最优,但泡沫稳定性最差,在静置120 min后消散。4种组分蛋白的持油性均受温度的影响,球蛋白受温度影响最小。本研究表明辣木籽渣是一种较优质的植物蛋白资源,可为其在食品工业的加工利用提供理论依据
关键词:辣木籽渣;Osborne四步法;组分蛋白;理化性质;功能特性
中图分类号:TS255 文献标识码:A
Abstract: Moringa (Moringa oleifera) seed residue is the byproduct after oil extraction from the seed. In this paper, four component proteins (albumin, globulin, glutelin and alcohal-soluble protein) were obtained from the seed residue by the Osborne four-step method in order to improve the comprehensive utilization value of the seed residue. The physicochemical and functional properties of the four proteins were systematically evaluated. The results showed that the extraction rate of albumin, globulin, glutelin and alcohal-soluble protein was respectively 10.34%, 0.69%, 3.40%, and 3.65%, and the purity was above 82%. The molecular weight of albumin, globulin and glutelin was between 5 kDa and 25 kDa, and the protein concentration of albumin band was the highest. The solubility, emulsifying activity index, emulsifying stability index and foamability of albumin were also thebest, whereas the foaming stability wasthe worst. The oil absorption capacity of the four proteins was affected by temperature, of which globulin was the least affected. This study indicated that the moringa seed residue was a high-quality plant protein resource, which could provide a theoretical basis for the processing and utilization in food industry.
Keywords: moringa seed residue; Osborne four-step method; component proteins; physicochemical properties; functional properties
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.01.033
辣木(Moringa oleifera Lam.)屬辣木科(Moringaceae)辣木属(Moringa),是一种热带落叶树,原产于印度北部和非洲地区,现广泛分布于热带和亚热带地区,在中国广东、广西、云南、海南等省均有种植[1]。辣木喜光、耐干旱且耐贫瘠,对降雨量和土壤等自然条件具有很强的适应性,易存活且生长迅速,具有相当的生产规模[2]。辣木籽是辣木营养成分和经济价值较高的部位之一,具有高蛋白、高油脂的特点,含有丰富的维生素、甾醇、生育酚、氨基酸和微量元素[3-4],能起到抗衰老、美白、调节免疫功能、抗紫外线、抗肿瘤、降低血糖和降低心血管疾病风险等作用,具有较大的食用和药用的前景[5-6]。……
